946 GERMANY : — BRUNSWICK — HAMBURG
BRUNSWICK.
(Freistaat Braunschweig.)
On November 8, 1918, the reigning Duke of Brunswick was deposed, and the duchy proclaimed a Republic. The Constitution bears date February 27, 1919. The Diet consists of 60 members elected for 4 years. Present Diet elected on May 17, 1920. The Cabinet contains 6 members.
Area, 1,424 square miles ; population (1919), 480,599 (226,400 males and 254,199 females). There were only 25,888 Catholics in 1910.
The capital, Brunswick (Braunschweig), had 139,539 inhabitants in 1919.
Forth'e financial period ending April 1, 1920, the budget of the State was fixed at 19,783,000 marks revenue and 30,170,100 marks expenditure. The public debt of Brunswick, on August 31, 1920, was 27,361,356 marks, three- fifths of which were contracted for railways. The property of the State consists chiefly of domains and forests.
References.
Beitrage zur Statistik des Herzogthum Braunschweig, Hefte I.— XXVII . Handelskammerberichte.
Knoll und Bode. Das Herzogthum Braunschweig, 1897.
Rhamm (A.), Die Verfassungsgesetze des Herzogtuius Braunschweig. Braunschweig, 1900.
HAMBURG.
(Fbeie und Hansestadt Hamburg.)
Constitution. — The State and Free City of Hamburg is a republic. The Constitution bears date December 30, 1920. According to this, supreme power rests with the Burgerschaft, or House of Burgesses of 160 members, elected on a democratic basis. The Executive is in the hands of the Senate, composed of 18 members elected by the House of Bnrgesses.
Area and Population.— Area, 160 English square miles ; population on October 8, 1919, 1,050,359; December 1, 1910, 1,014,664. The State consists of two divisions, the population of each of which was as follows on October 8, 1919 : — City of Hamburg, 985,784 ; Landgebiet (4 Landherren- schaften), 64,596.
Marriages, 1919, 14,368 ; births, 16.779(568 or 3 '39 per cent, still-births, 1,865 or 11*12 percent, illegitimate) ; deaths (civil population only), 14,696.
Religion, Instruction, and Justice.— On December l, 1910, 930,071
Protestants (9T66 per cent.), 51,036 Roman Catholics (5"08 per cent.), 3,942 other Christians (0"39 per cent), 19,472 Jews (T92 percent.), and 10,143 'all other' (1"00 per cent.).
In the year ending March, 1919, Hamburg (State) had 232 public elementary schools with 4,332 teachers (2,263 male, 2,069 female), and 124,659 pupils ; cost for the year, 19,000,000 marks; 26 higher State schools with 15,244 pupils and 81 private schools with 21,880 pupils.
The State contains three Amtsgerichte, a Landgericht, and the ' Han- seatische Oberlandesgericht, ' or court of appeal for the Hanse Towns and the Republic of Liibeck (Oldenburg). In 1914, 9,609, and in 1917, 6,023 persons, in the State of Hamburg, were convicted of crime.
