limits the lonely settlers would develop a simpler bucolic society, slow of wit, dreamy, but home-loving. In Lowland Scotland a farm homestead is a town. Even a few houses standing apart and supposed to be, if not actually, enclosed within a hedge fence, form the cotton or cot-toun of the farm.
4. Domestic Animals.
Cattle=tethered, pastured.—S. paçu (pâça rope), L. pecus, Sl. peku, Go. faihu, A.S. feo, Ger. Vieh, fee, Sc. fe. Bull=strong.–Ved sthûra (bull), sthurin (beast of burden), sthula (strong), Gr. and L. taurus, Sl. turu, W. tarw, Go. stiur, steer. Ox=carrier.—S. ukshán, cf. L. veho (carry), W. y-chain (pl.), Go. auhsa (cf. wax, to grow), Ger. Ochse. Cow=(a) bellower.—S. go, gaus (m. and f.), Gr. and L. bos, Sl. gow, C. bo, M.E. cu, Ger. Kuh (for kavi); (b) milker, dhenu, θἴλυς (giving milk), L. filia, Lit. de-te (infans), Go. daddjan (suck). Sheep=(a) protected=youngling.—S. avi, avis (attached), Gr. and L. ovis, Lit. avi, Ir. oi, Go. awi-str (fold), awe-thi (flock), ewe; (b) clothed, invested—S. úrá (vara, woolly), urnâ (wool), urana (varuna, a wether), εἴρος (wool), L. vellus (fleece), Sl. vluna, W. gwlanen=flannel, Sc. flannen. Goat=agile.—S. aga (aga), agina=αἰλίς (goatskin), Sl. ozka. Horse=quick.—S. açva (akva), Z. aspa (Hydaspes) ἴππος, L. equus, Epŏna (goddess of horses), Lit. aszva, W. osw, Go. aihwa, A.S. ehu, Gael. and Ir. each. Foal=begotten.—S. pu-tra (son), pota (young), L. pullus, Go. fula, E. filly. Pig=(a) produced.—S. sú-kara, is, L sus. Lit. svini-ja, T. sv-ein; (b)=grubber.—S. grishvi (boar), ghrish-ti (piggie), χοἴρος (χορτιος) Norse and Sc. grice, E. Gris-kin. Dog–Ved. and S. çvan, κύων, L. canis (cvanis), Sl. szun, Ir. cu, Go. hunds.
These terms illustrate still more clearly the simple agricultural life of the Arpaus. They surround themselves with those domestic animals that still tenant every homestead, and name them with intelligent observation. All the dialects agree in giving a general significance to the name for cattle, and from the earliest period there is attached to it the sense of property, cf. cattle (capitalia), capital, and chattels. The beast of burden is the sturdy ox. In Sans. go-pa, a cowherd, gives a common word to rule or govern, and the Hindoo title Gaikwar still
