new poem was recited by its author before the learned assembly, he used to strike his head with the butt-end of his iron stylus whenever he found a flaw in it. The wound thus caused by his constant blows grew into a purulent sore. (He was on this account called Sittalai or 'pus-head' Sattanar). This wound, it is said, defied all curative treatment, but healed of itself on hearing the Kural of Tiruvalluvar.
சீந்திநீர்க் கண்டத் தெறுசுக்குத் தேனளாய்
மோந்தபின் யார்க்கும் தலைக்குத்தில்—காந்தி
மலைக்குத்து மால்யானை வள்ளுவர்முப் பாலாற்
நிலைக்குத்துத் தீர்வுசாத் தற்கு.
In this way the Tamil language, which passed through the crucible of the three academies, was refined and given to the Tamil land as a perfect instrument for the expression of the best thoughts and sentiments of its people. The influence of these academies is markedly seen in the Tamil writings which received their approval, their style and language and choice of words differing much from that of the Tamil works of the post-academic period. The reader may compare with advantage the Purananuru or Pattupattu with the Tevaram or the Tiruvoymoli.
For the advancement of literature and academies the Tamil kings did much. Liberal presents in the shape of money, elephants, palanquins, chariots with horses, lands and flowers of gold were bestowed upon deserving poets. Titles of distinction like ஆசிரியர் (doctor), புலவர் (pandit), கவிச்-
