ANTEQUERA ANTIION 547 citizens to give Helen up to the Greeks. It is said that, having been sent to negotiate for peace with Agamemnon, he concerted with him and Ulysses a plan for delivering up the city ; and when Troy was .taken the skin of a panther was hung up at his door as a signal to the Greeks to spare the house. According to some authorities, he afterward founded a new kingdom at Troy on the ruins of the old one ; according to others, he settled at Cyrene or on the W. shore of the Adriatic. ANTEQUERA (anc. Antiquaria or Anticaria), a city of Spain, in the province and 25 m. N. by W. of Malaga, with which it is connected by railroad, on the Guadalorce ; pop. 25,900. It is situated in a fruitful valley, surrounded by lofty moun- tains containing numerous marble quarries, and has many churches and convents, and some remains of antiquity. "While the Moors held the kingdom of Granada this city was a fortress of great importance, and the possession of it was constantly contested. A Moorish castle, built on Roman foundations, still exists in the Upper part of the city. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in agriculture and the manu- facture of cloth, leather, paper, silk, and cotton. ANTHELMINTICS. See ENTOZOA. ANTHEMIUS. I. Emperor of the West from A. D. 467 to 472. He was the son-in-law of the emperor Marcian, and was invested with the purple at the suggestion of Ricimer, who ultimately became his son-in-law. Anthemius and Ricimer soon quarrelled, however, and then the latter, proclaiming Olybrius emperor, laid siege to Rome. The city was taken by storm, and Anthemius was slain. II. An architect and mathematician of Tralles in Lydia, who flourished in the 6th century. He designed for the emperor Justinian the plan and commenced the building of the church of St. Sophia. A fragment of one of his mathematical works was published at Paris in 1777. ANTHER (Gr. avBrip6$, flowery), the male or- gan of the flower. Considered morphologically, it is a modified leaf, the petiole or stem of the leaf becoming the filament of the stamen, and the leaf blade by the separation of its two sur- faces forming two thecse or lodges containing pollen, the midrib of the leaf becoming the con- nective of the anther. The filament may be absent, when the anther is said to be sessile ; and it may be inserted on the style, as in or- chids (in the Linneean class gynandria), or on the corolla. Several filaments may be more or less united, sometimes forming a tube around the style, as in malvacece (class monadelpTiia) ; sometimes a split tube with a single detached filament, as in leguminosce (class diadelphia) ; sometimes the tube is split into several por- tions, forming clusters of stamens (class poly- adelphia). The filaments may differ in length in the same flower, as two short and two long (class didynamia), or two long and four short (class tetradynamia). The number of stamens characterizes 13 classes of the Linnsean system, which is now wholly abandoned by botanists. The attachment of the anther to the filament varies. Sometimes the connective is only a prolongation of the filament (adnate anther), which may extend far beyond the anther, as in the oleander. If the filament joins the con- nective at its centre, it may balance the anther if the connective is linear, in which case the anther is said to be versatile ; or if the con- nective is shield-like, bearing several pollen lodges on its lower edge, it is called peltate. Lilies present an example of the first, and in tulips the connective has a funnel-like hollow in which the filament is. fixed ; and the juniper, cypress, &c., show the peltate form. The an- ther appears in the flower bud before its fila- ment as a gland-like excrescence. The two cells on either side the connective often subdi- vide into four ; but as the development pro- gresses the septum disappears and the anther becomes bilocular, or even, by the removal of the connective, unilocular. The lodges are cylindrical, globose, ellipsoid, cordate, kidney- shaped or hastate, or even, as in the squash, undulating or twisted. The surface may be smooth, or downy, fringed, and bearded, as in lobelias. Anthers may be united in the same way as the filaments, as in composites (class syngenesid), or they may be suppressed or abortive on some of the filaments. From their position on the connective, they are said to be introrse when the lodges face the style, or ex- trorse when they are directed outward, which is the more common position. When the pol- len is ripe the anther opens, either by pores at the base or apex (and these pores are some- times at the end two tubular extensions of the lodges), as in the potato and melastoma ; or by valves, as in the barberry; or, what is most common, by clefts or sutures on the edge cor- responding to the edge of the typical leaf. After the discharge of the pollen the anther collapses, and, if of a yellow or orange color when full, becomes a dark orange-brown. AJfTHON, Charles, LL. D., an American clas- sical scholar, born in New York in 1797, died there, July 29, 1867. His father, Dr. G. C. Anthon, a German by birth, was surgeon gen- eral in the British army, and soon after the revolution settled in New York. Charles grad- uated at Columbia college in 1815, and in 1819 was admitted to the bar. The next year he was appointed adjunct professor of languages in Columbia college. In 1830 he produced his large edition of Horace. In that year, also, he became rector of the grammar school at- tached to the college, and in 1835 he succeeded Prof. Moore as head of the classical department of that institution. For many years it was his constant custom to retire at 10 and rise at 4, so that a large part of his day's work was done by breakfast time ; and thus he produced some 50 volumes, consisting chiefly of editions of the Latin classics and aids to classical study, and including a Latin lexicon and a "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities." All his works were republished in England. When
