488 CHIN-INDIA CHIPMAN The fort was taken by the French in 1751, and retaken by the English under Clive in 1752. CHIN-INDIA, sometimes called India beyond the Ganges, and also Indo-China, the peninsula lying between the China sea and the sea of Bengal, comprising Burmah, Siam, Anain, and the Malay peninsula. CHING-KING, a Chinese province. See SHING- KING. CHINON, a town of France, in the department of Indre-et-Loire, 25 in. S. W. of Tours ; pop. in 1866, 6,895. It is pleasantly situated on the right bank of the Vienne. The principal public buildings are the town hall and the communal college. Henry II. of England died there, and near it Rabelais was born. It was the favorite residence of the French monarchs from Philip Augustus to Henry IV. The ruins of the castle where Charles VII. resided when Paris was occupied by the English, and where Joan of Arc presented herself to that monarch, are still seen. The principal articles of trade are grain, wine, prunes (called prunes of Tours), and other dried and fresh fruits. CHINOOKS, a family of Indian tribes on the N. W. coast of North America, who formerly inhabited both banks of the Columbia river from its mouth to the Grand Dalles, broken up into numerous bands. The Chinooks proper were on the north side, and the Clatsops on the south and along the coast. The language varied as the tribes extended into the interior. In all its dialects it is very complicated and difficult to pronounce. This led to the com- position of the Chinook jargon, a sort of lingua franca used by the traders, containing some Chinook words with terms from the French, English, and many Indian languages, all cor- rupted into a new form. The Chinook Indians are now nearly extinct, a small band on the Chehalis reservation in Washington territory representing them in 1873. A vocabulary of their language, by George Gibbs, was published at New York in 1863; and a "Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon," thoroughly analyzed by the same scholar, in the same year. CHINSOORA, or Chinsnra, a town of Bengal, British India, on the right bank of the Hoogly, 20 m. above Calcutta; lat. 22 53' N., Ion. 88 23' E. ; pop. about 14,000. It extends about half a mile along the river, is neatly and solidly built, and is an important station for European troops. The barracks, hospital, and other buildings connected with the military estab- lishment are on a magnificent scale, and since 1858 have been greatly enlarged. The bar- racks are intended to accommodate 5,000 men. Besides the Hoogly college, a government in- stitution, the town has several schools and a chapel. It is famous for the manufacture of cheroots. It was settled by the Dutch in 1657, and in its small, quaint-looking dwellings bears many traces of its founders. In 1759 the Brit- ish under Col. Forde defeated near here a Dutch force which had attempted to check their march on Chandernagore. When Hol- land was occupied by the French in 1795, the British offered to retain Chinsoora for the stadtholder ; but their proposition being reject- ed, they took it by force, and retained posses- sion till the peace of 1814. It formed part of the territory ceded to the British by the king of the Netherlands in 1824, in exchange for possessions in Sumatra. CHIOGGIA, or Chlozza (anc. Fossa Clodia, and Clugia), a seaport of Italy, in the prov- ince of Udine, on the Adriatic, 15 m. S. of Venice; pop. in 1872, 26,336. It is situated on a small island at the S. end of the lagoon of Venice, a little N. of the embouchure of the Brenta, is built partly on piles, and communi- cates with the mainland by a low stone bridge of 43 arches. The harbor, which has 17 feet of water, is considered one of the best fortified in the vicinity of Venice, being defended by a number of batteries and the forts of Caraman and San Felice. It is usually crowded with fishing and coasting vessels, in which a large part of the population find employment. It is a bishop's see, and contains several churches, a gymnasium, a high seminary, orphan asylum, hospital, workhouse, theatre, custom house, ship yards, salt works, and manufactories of lace, cordage, and other articles. It is the centre of an active trade in Italian and German products, which is facilitated by canals com- municating with the Brenta, Adige, and Po. Titian is said to have found models for some of his finest works in the women of Chioggia, who have long been noted for beauty ; and Leopold Robert and other modern painters have often resorted for inspiration to the same source. In 1379 the Genoese took possession of the island, but after a struggle of two years, to which the name of the war of Chioggia has been given, were forced to yield it to Venice. CHIOS. See Scio. CHIPMAN. I. Nathaniel, LL. D., an American jurist, born at Salisbury, Conn., Nov. 15, 1752, died at Middlebury, Vt., Feb. 15, 1843. He was educated at Yale college, during his senior year obtained a lieutenant's commission in the American army, was on duty at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-'8, and was present at the battle of Monmouth. Resigning his com- mission, Oct. 10, 1778, he repaired to Litch- field, Conn., and was admitted to the bar in 1779. He then removed to Tinmouth, Vt., where he commenced practice, and served as state's attorney for four years. In 1786 he was elected assistant judge of the supreme court, being the first lawyer who had been placed upon the bench in Vermont. In 1789 he was elected chief justice, and was appointed one of the commissioners to adjust the differ- ences between Vermont and New York. In 1791 he was a member of the convention called to decide whether Vermont should join the Union, and he was appointed a joint commis- sioner with Lewis R. Morris to attend congress and negotiate for the admission of the state. In the same year he was appointed by Waeh-
