CASTELLANETA CASTELNAUDARY 69 to Vesuvius during the eruption which over- whelmed Herculaneum and Pompeii, met his death, A. D. 79. II. A seaport of Sicily, in the province of Trapani, 4 m. N. W. of Alcamo; Castellamare dl Stabia. pop. about 9,000. The bay is spacious, but not safe during northerly winds. It exports wine, fruit, grain, manna, and opium. CASTELLANETA, a town of S. Italy, in the province of Lecce, 18 m. N. "W. of Taranto ; pop. about 6,500. It is the seat of a bishop. CASTELLI, Ignaz Friedrich, a German drama- tist, born in Vienna, May 6, 1781, died near Lilienfeld, Feb. 5, 1862. He was educated -for the law, but devoted himself to composing pa- triotic songs for the Austrian army, and pre- paring pieces for the stage. His songs having given umbrage to Napoleon, he fled to Hun- gary. In 1814 he accompanied Count Cav- riani as secretary to Paris, and afterward he served in the same capacity in Italy. In 1840 he retired with a pension and the office of state librarian. He was the author of many poems, popular songs, and miscellaneous wri- tings, and was at various times connected with the press of Vienna, but is best known by his productions for the stage. More than 100 plays, partly adapted from the French, partly original, are attributed to him. In 1848, 100,- 000 copies of his political pamphlets in favor of the revolution were sold. His autobiogra- phy was published in 1861-'2, in 3 vols. CASTELLON DE LA PLAJfA. I. An E. prov- ince of Spain, bordering on the Mediterranean, forming part of the ancient kingdom of Valen- cia; area, 2,446 sq. m. ; pop. in 1867 (esti- mated), 288,921. It is very mountainous, and is watered by several small rivers, the most important of which are the Mijares and Palen- cia. It is well cultivated, produces grain, and has many mines and mineral springs. The chief towns, besides the capital, are Benicarlo, Villareal, and Burriana. II. A city, capital of the province, situated in a fertile region, 4 m. from the sea, and 38 m. N. by E. of Va- lencia; pop. about 20,000. It has linen and sail-cloth factories, and carries on considera- ble trade in hemp. The former diocese of Oastellon de la Plana is now united with Se- gorbe. An aqueduct, cut in great part through the limestone rock, brings the water from the Mijares, which is about 5 m. distant, into the plain in which the town is situated. CASTELNAU, Michel de, sieur de la MauvissieTe, a French soldier and diplomatist, born at Mau- vissiere about 1520, died at Joinville in 1592. He entered the army in 1547, and won the favor of Francis of Lorraine, grand prior of France, under whom he afterward served in the navy, and who on becoming lieutenant general of the kingdom (1557) employed him in diplomatic missions to Scotland, England, Germany, the Netherlands, Savoy, and Eome. He negotiated a treaty with Queen Elizabeth, and dissuaded her from insisting on the restoration of Calais. In 1560, after the death of Francis II., he ac- companied Queen Mary to Scotland, and for a year rendered her efficient service in the field and in council. He distinguished himself in the civil war, negotiated a favorable treaty of peace with England, and was made governor of St. Dizisr. He was again employed in various mis- sions, was ambassador to England from 1574 to 1584, and on his return declared against the league. Henry IV. upon his accession treated him with great favor. His memoirs, written in England, extend over the period from 1559 to 1570, and are a valuable record of the events of the time. They were publish- ed in 1621, and are to be found in Petitot's Memoires relatifs d Vhistoire de France. He translated the Latin work of Ramus on the ancient Gauls. His life, by Le Laboureur, was published in Paris in 1659. CASTELNAPDARY, a town of France, in the department of Aude, on the canal of Languedoc, 30 m. S. E. of Toulouse; pop. in 1866, 9,075. The reservoir of St. Ferriol forms a harbor, and an active trade is carried on in cereals, wine, fruit, cloth, linen, silk, cotton yarn, leather, and other articles. According to some authorities, the ancient Sostomagus was situated near Castelnaudary, the modern name being a corruption of Castrum Novum Aria- norum, as the new town was called after the old one had been destroyed in the 5th century. It became the fortified capital of the county of Lauragais, ruled by the counts of Toulouse. It suffered severely during the crusade against the Albigenses, and in 1211 was the scene of a battle between Raymond of Toulouse and Simon de Montfort, the former of whom destroyed the fortifications in 1229. In 1237 an auto da fe was enacted here, in which many persons accused of heresy were put to death. It was burned in 1355 by Edward the Black Prince, but was rebuilt in 1366. In September, 1632, the duke of Montmorency, commanding the forces of Gaston of Orleans, was defeated here by the royal force under Marshal Schomberg, wounded, taken prisoner,, and executed.
