208 CONCORDIA Concordats are simply the arrangement by treaty of such laws and observances as lie out- side the verge of divine law ; the ecclesiastical power whereby similar laws and observances were established moulding and modifying them to meet the varying mutations of human affairs, and the different requirements of time and ?lace. The name was probably first used in 418, being applied to the stipulations entered into by Martin V. on the one side, and Eng- land, Germany, and France on the other. The most notable concordat of modern times was that between Pius VII. and Bonaparte in 1801, by which the Christian religion, which had been formally abolished by the revolutionary leaders, was reestablished in France. Late instances of concordats are those made with Austria in 1855, Wurtemberg in 1857, and Portugal in 1859. (OMOUDI1, an E. central parish of Louisi- ana, bounded E. by the Mississippi river, W. by the Tensas and Washita, and S. by Red river ; area, 790 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 9,977, of whom 9,257 were colored. Its surface is low, and inundations are consequently of frequent oc- currence. There are many lakes and sloughs which occupy a considerable portion of the parish. The greater part of the land available for agriculture is laid out in cotton plantations. The chief productions in 1870 were 62,950 bushels of Indian corn, 4,350 of sweet pota- toes, and 26,712 bales of cotton. There were 1,035 horses, 2,280 mules, 1,079 milch cows, 2,490 other cattle, and 4,017 swine. Capital, Yidalia. CONCORDIA, a divinity of peace, in whose honor several temples were erected in Rome. The most ancient and celebrated of these tem- ples was that built by Camillus, shortly before his death, on the declivity of the capitol, to commemorate the reconciliation of the patri- Concordia. (Roman Medal, ZelTs Pantheon.) <cians and plebeians, after the enactment of the Licinian rogations, Concordia was generally represented as a matron holding in her right hand a patera or an olive branch, and in her left hand a cornucopia. Her symbols were two hands clasped together, and two serpents entwined about. a wand. CONCRETE f OXCORDI.E FORMULA, the seventh and symbolical book of the Lutheran church, in which the doctrinal development of that church in respect to the Lord's supper and the person of Christ was completed. The elector Augus- tus of Saxony, a partisan of Lutheran ortho- doxy, made the sixth attempt to reconcile the stricter Lutherans, the milder Philippists, and the crypto-Calvinists to a common confession, when in 1576 he summoned the Lutheran theo- logians to meet for counsel in a convent at Torgau. The result of their deliberations, known as the " Torgau book," was submitted to the various German Lutheran churches, most of which, however, returned replies and criticisms instead of an unconditional assent. The elector therefore convened on March 11, 1577, in the cloister of Bergen, near Magde- burg, the three eminent theologians, Andrese, Chemnitz, and Semeeker, to revise the Torgau book. In their first session they prepared the Epitome and the Solida Declaratio, which were elaborated anew in April, and received their final form in a third session in May, to which Musculus, Cornerus, and Chytraus were also admitted. These two statements of faith, of which the latter is the fuller, constitute the " Form of Concord." It was at once accepted by 3 electors (2 of whom soon seceded), 20 dukes and margraves, 24 counts, and 35 free cities, and was rejected by Hesse, Nassau, Pomerania, Holstein, Anhalt, and many im- portant free cities. It was originally drawn up in German, and was translated into Latin successively by Osiander, Selnecker, and the convention of Quedlinburg in 1583; the last of which only was approved by the elector, and received as authentic. A complete history of the " Form of Concord " was written by J. N. Anton (Leipsic, 1779). CONCRETE (Lat. concrescere, to grow together), a name given by architects and engineers to a mixture of common lime, hydraulic lime, or hydraulic cement, with sand and gravel or broken stones. A mixture of sand and hy- draulic lime is also called concrete. It is used in the construction of the foundations and walls of buildings, of fortifications and of piers in harbors or in the sea, of aqueducts, sewers, and other structures much exposed to the action of the elements, or subjected to great pressure, being well adapted to these purposes in consequence of the hardness and insolubility it attains in solidifying. Formerly the name concrete was only applied when common lime was used, but that kind of concrete is now rarely made (except under extraordinary cir- cumstances and by a newly applied process which will be noticed at the end of this article) when hydraulic lime or cement can be con- veniently obtained. In the preparation of concrete with common lime, the London archi- tects formerly employed one part of rich lime to six parts of unscreened Thames ballast, which usually consists of six parts of coarse pebbles to one of sand. The rule is that the slaked
