560 CUENCA lectual " being intended to contrast it with any physical theory, as the Ptolemaic or Co- pernican. The design of the work was to es- tablish human liberty against the fatalists, and it was to consist of three parts : the first being a refutation of atheism and atheistic fatalists ; the second, of those who admitted a Deity, yet acting necessarily and without moral perfec- tions ; and the third, of those who granted the moral attributes of God, but affirmed that hu- man actions are governed by necessary laws ordained by him. Only the first part was com- pleted, and the "In- tellectual System " con- sists of a most erudite argument against athe- istic fate. To account for the operation of physical laws without the continued agency of Deity, he devised the theory of a plastic na- ture, which he treats as a real being, giving it "a drowsy unawakened cogitation," and which he makes the immedi- ate and obedient instru- ment in the execution of divine purposes. He also reviewed the sys- tems of ancient specula- tion in order to show that a belief in one sov- ereign and omnipotent God underlay the poly- theistic views of the pagan nations. Dr. Cud- worth left several large ethical and theolo- gical works, which still remain in manuscript in the British museum. His "Treatise con- cerning Eternal and Immutable Morality " was first published by Bishop Chandler in 1731. Its design is to prove that moral diiferences of right and wrong are antecedent to any divine law, and it was probably a partial accomplish- ment of the second division of his proposed " Intellectual System." Cudworth was one of the most eminent of several Cambridge divines who were termed Latitudinarians ; and his clear and fearless statements of the arguments of his opponents caused him to be accused of heterodoxy, and of raising "so strong objec- tions that he did not answer them." The "Intellectual System" was republished in London in 1743, in 1820, and in 1845 ; the last edition is in 3 vols., and contains translations of the valuable notes of Dr. Mosheim. Several editions of his " Complete Works " have been published in the United States. CIJENC1. I. A province of Spain, in New Castile, bordering on the provinces of Guada- lajara, Teruel, Valencia, Albacete, CiudadEeal, Toledo, and Madrid; area, 6,722 sq. m. ; pop. in 1867, 242,231. It is one of the most moun- tainous provinces S. of the Ebro. The principal rivers are the Jucar, its affluent the Gabriel, and the Guadiela, an affluent of the Tagus. The products are timber, excellent honey, sev- eral minerals, oil, fruit, hemp, flax, and grain, and wine in the S. W. part. The principal ex- ports are saffron and a superior quality of wool. Only one sixth of the soil is cultivated, and most of the remainder is pasturage. There are several medicinal springs in the province. The woollen industry, for which it was re- nowned in former times, has much declined. It has no town considerable for its population Cuenca. or trade. II. The capital of the province, one of the most picturesque towns of Spain, about 3,400 ft. above sea level, between the heights of San Crist6bal and Socorro, at the confluence of the Huescar and Jucar, 85 m. S. E. of Madrid ; pop. about 7,000. Once celebrated for arts, lit- erature, and industry, it is now remarkable only for its Moorish aspect, its cathedral, and its scenery. Beautiful forests, called los pinares de Cuenca, adjoin the town, as well as many lakes and streams. Near the cathedral is the bishop's palace. Besides a number of churches, the city contains three hospitals, three colleges, and a clerical seminary. The most remarkable bridge of Cuenca is that of San Pablo over the Huescar. The town is surrounded by high old walls, and has woollen factories, paper mills, and establishments for washing wool. CUENCi, or Rambae, a city of Ecuador, capital of a province of the same name, in the depart- ment of Asuay, 65 m. S. E. of Guayaquil and 175 m. S. S. W. of Quito; lat. 2 55' S., Ion. 79 13' 15" W. ; pop. about 32,000. It is built in a beautiful plain in the valley of Yunquilla, more than 8,000 ft. above the level of the sea, which is well watered by irrigating canals leading from neighboring rivers. The city is regularly laid out, with broad, straight streets, but the houses are mostly low and mean in ap- pearance, being built of adobe bricks. It is the see of a bishop, and has a cathedral, two
