642 DALBY DALECARLIA in Ratisbon, Feb. 10, 1817. He studied at Gottingen and Heidelberg, in 1772 became administrator of Erfurt, and in 1802 arch- bishop elector of Mentz, an electorate which by the peace of Lun6ville had ceased to repre- sent a territorial division of Germany. In compensation he received Ratisbon, Aschaffen- burg, and Wetzlar. In 1806, when the empire was dissolved, Napoleon made him prince pri- mate of the Rhenish confederation, and in 1810 grand duke of Frankfort-on-the-Main. After 1813 he lost all his territories. He was a man of comprehensive learning, and wrote a number of philosophical and sesthetical works. DALBY, Isaac, an English mathematician, born in Gloucestershire in 1744, died at Farn- ham, Surrey, Oct. 14, 1824. He was intended by his friends for a cloth worker, but, having fitted himself by the aid of a few mathematical books to be an usher, was employed in that capacity. Going to London in 1772, and being appointed to teach arithmetic in Archbishop Tenison's grammar school, he became known to many men of science, and was employed in making astronomical observations in a build- ing erected for philosophical purposes by Top- ham Beauclerk. When this establishment was broken up, after being employed in several similar institutions, he became mathematical master of the naval school at Chelsea. In 1787 he assisted Gen. Roy in taking the trigo- nometric observations for connecting the me- ridians of Greenwich and Paris, .and for two years was occupied in extending the triangula- tions through Kent and Sussex to the coast. Gen. Roy died in 1790, and the next year Dalby was engaged together with Col. "Williams and Capt. Mudge to continue the survey of Eng- land. They began by remeasuring the original base line on Hounslow heath, and under their care the triangulation was extended to Land's End. On the formation of the military college at High Wycombe in 1799, Dalby was appointed professor of mathematics in the senior depart- ment, and held that office till 1820. He was the author of mathematical papers and reports, and of a " Course of Mathematics " in 2 vols. DALE, a S. E. county of Alabama, drained by the Choctawhatchee river ; former area about 900 sq. m., but a portion has recently been taken to form Geneva county; pop. in 1870, 11,325, of whom 1,797 were colored. The surface is hilly and mostly occupied by pine forests. ^ The soil is sandy and unproductive. The chief productions in 1870 were 225,364 bushels of Indian corn, 49,728 of sweet po- tatoes, 41,391 Ibs. of butter, 34,152 of rice, 4,273 bales of cotton, and 29,594 gallons of molasses. There were 1,109 horses, 2,752 milch cows, 5,468 other cattle, 4,716 sheep, and 17,637 swine. Capital, Newton. DALE, David, a Scottish manufacturer, born at Stewarton, Ayrshire, Jan. 6, 1739, died in Glasgow, March 17, 1806. He was for some time a weaver, then clerk to a silk mercer, and afterward an importer of yarns from Flanders. In 1783, securing the use of Arkwright's spin- ning patent, he founded the New Lanark mills. Succeeding in this, he cooperated in establish- ing many other mills, and was interested in cotton manufactures in Glasgow, in the first works in Scotland for dyeing cotton Turkey- red, and in a number of other enterprises, carrying all along simultaneously and with great profit. He became very rich, and was sole agent of the Glasgow branch of the bank of Scotland from its foundation in 1783. He was also very active in many benevolent works, and during the dearths of 1782, 1791-'3, and 1799, he imported ship loads of grain and sold to the poor at prime cost. From 1769 till his death he was the active pastor of a Congre- gational church organized under his charge, preaching every Sunday ; and in 1791 and 1794- he was a magistrate of Glasgow. In 1799 he sold the New Lanark mills to a company main- ly controlled by Mr. Robert Owen, who mar- ried his daughter. DALE, Richard, an American naval officer, born near Norfolk, Va., Nov. 6, 1756, died in Philadelphia, Feb. 26, 1 826. Appointed in 1776 lieutenant in the Virginia navy, he was cap- tured by the English, and thrown into prison at Norfolk. Here he was induced by the roy- alists, some of whom were his old schoolfel- lows, to go over to their side. He embarked upon an English cruiser, and while serving upon it was wounded. Quitting the English service after the declaration of independence, he became a midshipman on board the Lexing- ton, which was captured on the coast of France in 1777 and taken to Plymouth, where her officers and men were thrown into prison. In 1778 Dale with some of the others made his escape, but was recaptured and kept in prison another year. He escaped again and made his way to France, where he joined the squadron under Paul Jones, and was made first lieu- tenant upon the Bonhomme Richard, Jones's own ship. After the destruction of that vessel in the fight with the Serapis off Flamborough head, Sept. 23, 1779, in which Dale distin- guished himself, he continued to act as first lieutenant under Jones, first on the Alliance and then on the Ariel. He arrived in Philadel- phia Feb. 18, 1781, and was regularly appointed lieutenant in the navy. He was taken prisoner again the same year on the Trumbull, and ex- changed, and during the rest of the war served on letters of marque and in the merchant ser- vice. After the war he was appointed captain, and hostilities having been commenced with Tripoli, he was placed in 1801 in command of a squadron and ordered to the Mediterranean. His vigilance was so great that no captures were made by the Tripolitans while he was in command. He returned to the United States in 1802, resigned his commission, and having accumulated a competence spent the rest of his life in retirement. DALECARLIA, or Dalarne, the ancient name of a province of Sweden which corresponded
