DARNEL DAENLEY 691 and for orphans and widows, and a deaconess institute established in 1857. The manufac- tures are linen and woollen fabrics, carpets, cards, jewelry, watches, hats, wax candles, mu- sical, surgical, and mathematical instruments, Grand Ducal Palace, Darmstadt. colored paper, starch, and coaches. Six rail- ways centre in the city. Darmstadt, which toward the close of last century contained only about 7,000 inhabitants, is greatly indebt- ed for its growth to the grand duke Louis L, who founded the new town, and whose statue, surmounting a Doric column 134 ft. high, adorns the Luisenplatz. The Theaterplatz has contained since 1852 statues of Philip the Gen- erous and George I. A bank of commerce and industry was established in 1854, and the bank for southern Germany (Zettelbanlc) in 1856. In the llth century Darmstadt was a village, and hi 1330 it was made a town by Count William I. of Katzenellenbogen . On the extinction of that line Darmstadt passed into the hands of Hesse. In 1622 it was taken by Mansfeld, and hi 1647 by the French. Public conventions have been often held in Darmstadt, and a customs congress in 1854. The court the- atre was destroyed by an incendiary, Oct. 24-25, 1871. DARNEL (lolium te- mulentum, Linn. ; called bearded darnel, in dis- tinction from rye grass, which has been known as common darnel), a weed which has long in- fested the grain fields of Europe, and is now found in the United States, though still rare. The genus is distinguished chiefly by the inflorescence, being in close spikes, with the solitary spikelets placed edge- Darnel (Lolium temu- lenturn). wise along the rachis. This species has no tufts of leaves from the root, the glumes are as long as the spikelets or longer, and the latter contain five to seven florets, which are awned. Until recently it was noted as the only poisonous grass in existence ; its seeds were universally considered powerfully narcotic, pro- ducing drowsiness, con- vulsions, paralysis, and even death, when ground up with wheat or oats; and what seemed well attested cases of such poisoning have been ci- ted by all the authorities. But it is now said that the latest investigations in Europe have proved the complete harmless- ness of darnel. DARNETAL, a town of France, in the depart- ment of Seine-Inferieure, about 3 m. E. of Rouen, on the Aubette; pop. in 1866, 5,909. It has manufactures of flannels and other woollen goods. DARNLEY, Henry Stuart, lord, the second hus- band of Mary queen of Scots, born in England in 1546, killed -near Edinburgh, Feb. 9, 1567. He was the son of the exiled earl of Lennox by Margaret Douglas, daughter of the earl of An^. gus by Queen Margaret, widow of James IV. and sister of Henry VIII., and was therefore cousin german of Queen Mary, and a cousin of Queen Elizabeth. On his father's side he was descended from the royal line of Scotland. When Mary announced her intention of con- tracting a second marriage, Darnley, who pos- sessed a handsome person and was skilled in many of the accomplishments of the age, went to Scotland to urge his suit, and was accepted. He was created earl of Ross and Albany, and renounced his allegiance to Elizabeth. His marriage with Mary took place at Holyrood house, July 29, 1565, on which occasion she proclaimed him king, and promised to induce the Scottish parliament to grant him a crown matrimonial. He was conceited, arrogant, and according to Randolph, the English am- bassador, " an intolerable fool." He repaid Mary's kindness by petulance and insolence, and open profligacy and infidelity ; and finally alienated her affections by his participation in the murder of her secretary, the Italian Rizzio, March 9, 1566. She threatened re- venge, and said to him, " I shall never rest till I give you as sorrowful a heart as I have at this present." Shortly afterward he denounced his confederates in this act, and aided Mary in driving them from the kingdom. Even then they might have become reconciled, but his vices and follies continually widened the breach. On June 19, 1566, their son James,
