696 DARU led to a conflict with the legislature of the state ; that body claimed the right to amend a charter of which it was the guardian, and in 1816 passed acts creating a new corporation in which the property was vested, and changing the title of the college to Dartmouth university. ' The old trustees began a suit for the recovery of the college property, which was decided against them in the supreme court of the state. It was carried by appeal before Chief Justice Marshall in the supreme court of the United States, where the judgment was reversed, and the principle of the inviolability of chartered property fully established. It was by his elaborate argument in behalf of the plaintiffs in this case that Daniel Webster, at the age of 35, took rank among the most distinguish- ed lawyers in the country. The question ex- cited also a violent controversy in the local newspapers. Wheelock was raised to the presi- dency of the university by the new board, in February, 1817, but died within two months, and was succeeded by William Allen, D. D., who retained the office till the decision of the question in favor of the college by the supreme court in 1819. Francis Brown, D. D., was the successor of Wheelock as president of the col- lege, having been elected 1 by the old board in 1815, and retained the office till his death in 1820. He was succeeded in the presidency by the Rev. Daniel Dana, who after one year was succeeded by Bennet Tyler, D. D. Upon the resignation of Dr. Tyler in 1828, Nathan Lord, D. D., was chosen president, and performed the duties of that office till 1863, when he was suc- ceeded by the Rev. Asa Dodge Smith, LL. D., of New York, who still retains the office. DiRU. I. Pierre Antoine Noel Bruno, count, a French statesman and author, born at Mont- pellier, Jan. 12, 1767, died near Meulan, Sept. 5, 1829. He entered the army in 1783, and from 1784 to 1791 was commissary of war. Adopting the principles of the revolution, he served as ordnance commissary in the army of Brittany, but was imprisoned during the reign of terror, and recovered his liberty on the 9th Thermidor. In 1796 he became commissary in the ministry of war, and during this period pursued his literary studies, publishing in 1797 a translation of Horace. After Napoleon's re- turn from Egypt he was nominated inspector of the troops and secretary of the ministry of war, was elected tribune in 1802, and under the empire in 1805 and 1806 became councillor of state, intend ant general of the household of Napoleon, intendant general of the grand army, and member of the French academy. He acted as plenipotentiary in the execution of the con- vention of Alexandria and the treaties of Pres- burg, Tilsit, and Vienna. In 1811 he became minister of state; and in the next year he strongly opposed the Russian campaign, in which as intendant general of the army he displayed all the resources of his courage and talent. He was one of the last to give in adherence to the reestablished Bourbons, and DARWAR was among the first who rallied about Napoleon when he reappeared from Elba. After the second restoration he was exiled to Bourges, where he composed his Histoire de la repu- Uique de Venise (7 vols., 1819-'21). In 1819 he was recalled from exile and made a peer, and until his death was an eloquent opponent of the reactionary tendencies of the government. He published several poems and satirical epistles, jUloges of Sully, Volney, and Laplace, La cleo- pedie, ou la theorie des reputations litter air es (1800), an Histoire de Bretagne (Paris, 1826), and reports on the rupture of the treaty of Amiens, the monetary system, public instruc- tion, the right of petition, individual liberty, and the censorship of the press. II. Napoleon, count, a French statesman, son of the prece- ding, born in Paris, June 11, 1807. He was godson of Napoleon and Josephine. At an early age he entered the army, served in Al- geria, and resigned in 1847, having attained the. rank of captain. In 1832 he entered the chamber of peers by hereditary right, and was an ardent supporter of the monarchy. After the revolution of 1848 he supported the new government, representing the department of La Manche both in the constituent and the legislative assembly. In 1850 and 1851 he was chosen vice president of the latter body ; but after the coup d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851, which he opposed, he retired from public life. In May, 1869, he was elected a member of the corps legislatif. In December of that year he was elected vice president of the chamber, and in January, 1870, was appointed minister of foreign affairs in the new cabinet formed under the presidency of M. Ollivier. In April, how- ever, having vainly opposed the plebiscite of the following month, he resigned, and during the Franco-Prussian war remained in retire- ment. After the meeting of the national as- sembly at Bordeaux in February, 1871, he again appeared in public life, and subsequently became a supporter of the administration of President Thiers. DARWAR, or Dharwar. I. A district of the Bombay presidency, British India, bounded N. by Belgaum, E. by the Nizam's territory and Bellary, S. by Mysore, and W. by North Ca- nara ; area, 9,122 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 883,611. The soil and climate are adapted to the growth of cotton, and in 1842 the New Orleans spe- cies of that plant was introduced with such success that in 1851 nearly 43,000 acres of it were under cultivation. The cotton is shipped at Coomta. The district formed part of the ancient kingdom of Bejapoor, and was overrun by Sevajee in 1675, and by Hyder Ali in 1777. It is comprised in the region known as the South Mahratta country, but nearly all the in- habitants are Oanarese. It was acquired by the British on the overthrow of the Peishwa in 1818. II. The chief town of the district, situated near the W. frontier, 70 m. E. of Goa, and 288 S. E. of Bombay. It is defended by a wall and ditch, and a fortress originally strong,
