| 10 | DENMAN | DENMARK |
are two khans, a bazaar, and numerous tanneries. The chief manufatures are red and yellow leather and morocco, made from sheep and goat skins, raisins, and a kind of grape sirup which is used instead of sugar. Denizli is the capital of a sanjak in the vilayet of Aidin. In 1715 it was destroyed by an earthquake, in which 12,000 people perished. About 5 m. N. is the town of Eski Hissar, with the ruins of ancient Laodicea.
DENMAN, Thomas lord chief justice of England, born in London, Feb. 23, 1779, died at Stoke Albany, Northamptonshire, Sept. 22, 1854. The only son of Thomas Denman, M. D., author of a well known work on midwifery, he graduated in 1800 at St. John's college, Cambridge, was called to the bar in 1806, returned to parliament for Wareham at the general election of 1818, and in 1820 for Nottingham, representing that town from this time till 1826, and again in 1830-'31. In 1820 he took a distinguished part as solicitor in the trial of Queen Caroline. In 1822 he was appointed common serjeant of the city of London; from 1830 to 1832 he was attorney general; and from 1832 till 1850, he was chief of the king's bench. He was raised to the peerage in 1834. His “Life,” by Sir Joseph Arnould, was published in 1873.
DENMARK (Dan. Danmark, Ger. Dänemark, Fr. Danemark, “the land or mark of the Dane;” called also the Danske Stat, “state of Denmark”), a kingdom in the north of Europe, situated between lat. 54° 30′ and 57° 45′ N., and lon. 8° 5′ and 12° 45′ E.; the small island of Bornholm, in the Baltic, lies in lon. 15° is bounded N. E. by the Skager Rack, and E. by the Cattegat, the Sound, and the Baltic, S. by Femern strait, the Little Belt, and Schleswig, and W. by the North sea. It consists of the peninsula of Jutland and the islands of Seeland, Fünen, Laaland, Falster, Langeland, Möen, Samsö, Läsö, Arrö, Bornholm, and many smaller ones; besides it possesses the Faroe islands, Iceland, and Greenland, and the islands of Santa Cruz, St. Thomas, and St. John, in the West Indies. The following table shows the area and population of Denmark and its colonies in 1870:
| MAIN DIVISIONS. | Area in sq. m. |
Population. |
| Seeland, Möen, and Samsö | 2,834 | 637,711 |
| Bornholm | 225 | 31,894 |
| Fünen, Langeland, and Arrö | 1,315 | 236,311 |
| Laaland, Falster, &c. | 640 | 90,706 |
| Jutland | 9,738 | 788,119 |
| 14,752 | 1,784,741 | |
| COLONIES. | ||
| Faroe islands | 510 | 9,992 |
| Iceland | 39,758 | 69,763 |
| Greenland (region free from ice) | 46,774 | 9,825 |
| West India islands | 119 | 37,821 |
| Total | 87,161 | 127,401 |
The Danish colonies in the East Indies and Africa were acquired by Great Britain in 1846. The duchies of Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg, which formed more than one third of the kingdom, were lost by the Danish crown in 1864.—The seacoast of Denmark, along the North sea, the Skager Rack, the Cattegat, the Sound, the Baltic, and the Little Belt, is more than 900 m. long, and generally low, flat, and sandy. Next to Copenhagen the principal seaports are Elsinore, Odense, Aarhuus, Aalborg, and Frederikshavn. The fiords or arms of the sea which indent the coasts are among the most remarkable natural features of the kingdom. The Liim or Lym fiord entirely insulates the N. part of Jutland; it was formerly separated from the North sea by a narrow strip of land, through which in 1825 the sea broke in two places. The Ringkiöbing fiord in W. Jutland and the Ise fiords in Seeland are also notable for their size. The lakes are numerous, but small, and some contain excellent fish. Since the loss of the duchies, the only rivers deserving mention are the Varde, flowing into the North sea, and the Guden, 80 m. long, flowing into the Cattegat. The broad passage called the Great Belt lies between the islands of Seeland and Fünen, and the Little Belt separates Fünen from Jutland and Schleswig. The surface of the kingdom is an almost unbroken plain, in most places but a few feet above the ocean, and in others below the level of the sea. The N. W. part of the peninsula is a desolate region, over which tempests and drifting sands sweep with destructive fury. To consolidate the soil and break the force of the winds, various kinds of trees and shrubs, of which the improvidence of former generations had nearly stripped the country, are now planted here, and their destruction is forbidden under severe penalties. From the promontory of Skagen, at the extreme north, a low barren ridge runs through Jutland, attaining an elevation of upward of 500 ft. The island of Fünen contains a range culminating at the height of 400 ft., called the Fünen Alps, and Seeland has eminences of about the same height. All the rocks belong to the tertiary and upper secondary formations, and, with hardly an exception, are disposed in regular strata. Several species of chalk are found, above which is an extensive bowlder formation traversed by seams of lignite, and above this again beds of clay and marl are spread over a large part of the country. The soil is almost wholly alluvial, and in the E. part of Jutland is covered with rich vegetable mould. The N. and W. parts of Jutland, however, are sandy wastes, and for 200 m. along the coa-t there is an almost continuous line of sterile flats called Klitter. The larger islands are fertile and characterized by a rich marshy loam, interspersed with occasional tracts of moor. The climate, owing to the low and almost entirely insulated position of the country, is temperate and humid, the cold being greatest in Jutland. The winters are seldom severe for that high latitude, and rather milder than
