DUBLIN 281 among which were eight dailies. The castle, the residence of the viceroy, stands on an ele- vation, hut is not an imposing edifice. The Four Courts are a pile of building of Corinthian architecture, with a frontage on the Liffey of 500 ft., and occupied by the courts of queen's bench, chancery, exchequer, and common pleas. The custom house is of the Doric order, and is surmounted by a cupola 125 ft. high. Other noticeable structures are the general post office, with an Ionic front, of considerable ele- gance ; the city hall and exchange ; the magnifi- cent freemasons' hall, erected in 1868 ; commer- cial buildings, in which is the chamber of com- merce ; the queen's inns, linen hall, the weav : ers' hall, corn exchange, conciliation hall, the theatre, several barracks for constabulary and troops ; Stephen's hospital for 300 patients ; the Meath, city of Dublin, Sir Richard Dun's, and Richmond surgical hospitals, and royal hospital, designed by Sir Christopher Wren, St. Patrick's Cathedral for disabled soldiers ; and St. Patrick's hospital, erected from a legacy left by Dean Swift. The county jail stands W. of the suburbs, at Kil- mainham. Within the city are the Newgate, city and four courts, and marshalsea prisons, the bridewell or house of correction, Smith- field penitentiary, penitentiary for females, and house of industry. Dublin is the seat of a Protestant and a Roman Catholic archbishop, and has two ancient cathedrals of the Anglican church, those of St. Patrick and of the Holy Trinity, and a modern Catholic cathedral. St. Patrick's cathedral was thoroughly restored in 1865, at a cost of 150,000, which was defray- ed by Sir B. L. Guinness. The Anglican church has 20 parish churches and 20 non-parochial places of worship ; the Roman Catholics have 9 parochial places of worship, 6 friaries, a Jesuits' church, 3 monasteries, and 8 convents ; the other places of worship are : Presbyterian, 6; Unitarian, 2; Independent, 3; Primitive Wesleyan, 2 ; Wesleyan Methodist, 8 ; Friends', 2 ; Baptist, Moravian, Catholic Apostolic Church, Welsh Presbyterian, and Jewish, each . Among the chief streets and public places of Dublin are Grafton street, passing into College green, in which is an equestrian statue of Wil- liam III., and connecting by Carlisle bridge with Sackville street, containing a column to the memory of Nelson ; Dame street, contain- ing many of the finest shops ; St. Stephen's green, a square one mile in circumference, tastefully planted, and having a statue of George II. ; College park, Fitzwilliam, Rutland, and Mountjoy squares. The celebrated Phoenix rk comprises an area of 1,752 acres. A gran- obelisk has been erected to Wellington on the left of the entrance. There is a statue of Thomas Moore, erected in 1857 ; and a colossal statue of Daniel O'ConneU has been placed in the city hall. Among the public testimonials more recently erected in Dublin are : a fountain with a bust of the emi- nent surgeon Sir Philip Crampton, erected in 1862, at the end of Col- lege street ; a full-length statue of Oliver Gold- mith, in front of Trinity college, by Foley, in 1863 ; statues of the earl of Eg- linton, on the N. side of Stephen's green, in 1866 ; of Edmund Burke, by Fo- ley, in 1868; of Smith O'Brien, by Farrell, in 1870 ; and of Prince Al- bert, by Foley, in 1872. Glasnevin is a pleasant suburb, containing the botanic garden of the royal Dublin society, and was the favorite residence of Addison, Steele, Swift, and Sheridan ; and Glas- nevin cemetery contains the tombs of O'Connell, " Tom Steele," and Curran. The Royal and Grand canals flank the city N. and S., and four railways give communication with Galway, Cork, Belfast, &c. Steam packets ply regularly to Holyhead, Liverpool, London, Bristol, Cork, Glasgow, &c. The environs of Dublin are remarkably beauti- ful. The bay, one of the finest in the United Kingdom, is 7 m. wide at its entrance, between Howth head on the north and Kingstown on the south, and extends inland about the same distance, with a somewhat increased width. The civic government is by the municipal re- form act vested in a corporation consisting of a lord mayor chosen annually from among the aldermen or town councillors, 15 alder- men, and 45 councillors, there being one alder- man and three councillors from each of the 15 municipal wards. The corporate income amounted in 1871 to 196,175, the expen- diture to 192,577, and the debt to 782,-
