320 DUPANLOUP 7,621 other cattle, 26,932 sheep, and 9,253 swine; 15 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 2 of machinery, 8 of saddlery and harness, 2 breweries, and 6 flour mills. Capi- tal, Naperville. DUPANLOUP, Felix Antoine Philippe, a French prelate, born at St. Felix, Savoy, Jan. 3, 1802. He was brought up in the house of his uncle, a country priest, and in his eighth year was placed at school in Paris. He was ordained priest in 1825, and attached for three years as catechist to the parish of the Assump- tion. In 1827 he was appointed confessor to the young duke of Bordeaux (now the count de Chambord), in 1828 catechist to the Orleans princes, and in 1830 chaplain to the dau- phiness, duchess d'Angoul&me, daughter of Louis XVI. In 1834 he opened the course of conferences or dogmatic lectures in the cathe- dral. In 1837 he was appointed superior of the diocesan seminary, and also named vicar general of Paris. Under Archbishop Affre he resigned tlat office, and in 1849 was nomina- ted to the see of Orleans. In this new career he gave full scope to his plans of Christian education. He opened a school in his own residence, in which he acted as professor, and endeavored in all the establishments under his control to raise the standard of instruction to the highest degree of excel- lence. At that period a great rivalry existed between the university lyceums or colleges and the schools unauthorized by government. Bishop Dupanloup's efforts and success met with no favor from the administration. It was also at that time that the controversy about the classics arose, growing out of the publication of Abb6 Gaume's Ver rongeur, in which the use of pagan authors in Christian schools was denounced. The Univers and its editor, Veuillot, advocated Gaume's views, and a large portion of the French bishops and clergy coincided in them. Bishop Dupanloup was supported by the remaining members of the episcopate. The pope, however, interfered and made peace between the parties. In 1848 Dupanloup was instrumental in having the first French expeditionary corps sent to the Papal States; and during the whole pe- riod of Napoleon's power he was the fore- most defender of the temporal independence of the holy see. In 1863, in conjunction with eight other bishops, he issued an address to the French electors, which drew on him the censure of the minister of public wor- ship. Bishop Dupanloup published in No- vember, ^ 1869, a pastoral letter, giving his own private opinion concerning the ques- tion of papal infallibility; and a public cor- respondence on the subject between him and Archbishop Manning excited much atten- tion before the assembling of the council. In Rome, like Archbishop Darboy, he maintained a firm but respectful opposition ; and, like him, he was among the first to accept the decree of infallibility when it came. During DUPERRO'N the occupation of Orleans by the German troops in 1870 the bishop obtained a mitiga- tion of many of the harsh measures of the military commanders. At the end of the war his people sent him as their representative to the national assembly. There he showed himself favorable to a constitutional monarchy under the reunited house of Bourbon, and advocated a perfect system of education for France, as well as the traditional right of his country to protect the holy see. His principal works are : Exposition des principales verites de la foi catholique (2 vols., 1832); Methods generale de catechisme (2 vols., 1841) ; Clemens de rhetorique sacree (1841) ; L" 1 Education (3 vols., 1855-'7); (Euvres choisies (4 vols., 1861); and Histoire de N. S. Jesus- Christ (1872). DUPATY, Charles Marguerite Jean Baptiste Mer- cier, a French jurist, born in La Rochelle, May 9, 1746, died in Paris, Sept. 17, 1788. In 1768 he became advocate general at the parliament of Bordeaux, strongly defended the privileges of the French parliaments against the en- croachments of the crown, and was imprisoned. He wrote Reflexions historiques sur le droit criminel, and Lettres sur la procedure crimi- nelle de France (1788), containing views sub- sequently embodied in the Code Napoleon. DUPERREY, Louis Isidor, a French naval offi- cer, born in Paris, Oct. 21, 1786, died Sept. 10, 1865. He entered the navy in 1802, be- came an ensign in 1811, and was sent in that year to make a hydrographic survey of the coast of Tuscany, which he accomplished in spite of the English cruisers and the hostility of the inhabitants. From 1817 to 1820 he was with Freycinet on his voyage of discovery, in which he had charge of the hydrographic explorations and charts. On his return to France he was promoted to lieutenant, and in 1822 he commanded an expedition for scientific observation in Oceania and on the coast of South America. During a voyage of 32 months he made investigations in hydrography, mag- netism, and meteorology, and on the figure of the earth, and collected many thousands of specimens illustrative of zoology and botany. He published a large number of scientific trea- tises and many maps and charts. His most important researches were in terrestrial mag- netism, and he determined accurately the po- sitions of the magnetic poles and the figure of the magnetic equator. DUPERRON, Jacques Davy, a French cardinal, born in St. L6, Normandy, Nov. 15, 1556, died in Paris, Sept. 5, 1618. He received his edu- cation in Switzerland, whither his father, who had given up the practice of medicine to be- come a Protestant minister, had removed to escape persecution. At the age of 20 he went to Paris, where he abjured Protestantism. Brought to the notice of Henry III., he was appointed reader to the king. Although a layman, he was selected to preach before the king and court ; and some of his sermons won him so much praise that he took orders. On
