FIELDING works by Thomas Roscoe; "Select "Works," with a memoir by Sir Walter Scott (royal 8vo, Edinburgh, 1821); and that edited by James P. Brown (10 vols. 8vo, London, 1871). See Thackeray's "English Humorists of the Eigh- teenth Century " (London, 1853). FIELDIJVG, Sarah, an English authoress, sister of the preceding, born in 1714, died in Bath in 1768. Her principal works are " The Adven- tures of David Simple in search of a Faithful Friend" (2 vols. 12mo, London, 1744; a 3d vol. added in 1752); "History of the Countess of Delwyn;" "History of. Ophelia" (2 vols. 12mo, 1785); and " Lives of Cleopatra and Octavia." In 1762 she published a translation of "Xenophon's Memorabilia of Socrates, with the Defence of Socrates before His Judges," in which she was assisted by Mr. Harris. FIELD MARSHAL. See MAESHAL. FIELD MOUSE. See MOUSE. FIELDS, James Thomas, an American author and publisher, born at Portsmouth, N. H., Dec. 31, 1817. He was educated at the high school of his native city, and at the age of 14 went to Boston to become a clerk in a book store. At 18 he was invited to deliver the anniversary poem before the Boston mercantile library association, Edward Everett being the orator of the occasion. Twelve years later he read before the same society a poem entitled "The Post of Honor," the oration being by Daniel Webster. Soon after he reached the age of 21 Mr. Fields became a partner in the bookselling firm of Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, which about 1844 by the withdrawal of Mr. Reed became the house of Ticknor and Fields, and was soon honorably distinguished by the high character of its publications, especially of poetry. Among the American authors whose works it issued were Emerson, Hawthorne, Holmes, Longfellow, Lowell, Thoreau, and Whittier. Mr. Ticknor died in 1864, and the firm became Fields, Osgood, and co. In 1870 Mr. Fields withdrew from it to devote him- self to authorship and to public lecturing. While a publisher he collected and edited in 22 vols. the writings of Thomas De Quincey. For several years he edited the " Atlantic Monthly." In 1849 he published a volume of his poems, in 1854 printed another for private distribution, and in 1858 a third entitled "A Few Verses for a Few Friends." His latest publication is a volume of prose sketches of his literary friends, entitled "Yesterdays with Authors " (1873). In November, 1873, he de- livered six lectures on modern English lite- rature before the Lowell institute at Boston. He visited Europe in 1848, 1851, and 1859. FIERI FACIAS, the name of a writ at common law, so ancient that its origin is unknown. By it a sheriff, or other competent officer to whom it was directed, was ordered quod fieri facias, de terris et catallis (or de bonis et catallis), "that you cause to be made out of the lands and chattels," or "the goods and chattels of," &c., a certain sum of money, being that to FIESCHI 181 which the party for whom the writ was issued was entitled by the judgment of court ; and it may be remarked that the only regular founda- tion for the writ of fieri facias is a judgment of court. It is in fact the great writ of exe- cution in general, though not exclusive, use throughout the United States, and is often spoken, or at least written of, by way of abbre- viation, as a/, fa. By virtue of it the officer to whom it is directed will obtain from the property of him against whom it is directed enough to satisfy the amount of debt or dam- ages and costs, which are always specifically stated in the writ. The rights which this writ confers upon the officer, and the manner in which he is to exercise them, are to some ex- tent matters of statutory regulation. In gen- eral it may be said that he must not obtain an entrance to a dwelling by breaking an outer door or window ; and it was mainly from this rule that there grew up, with the aid of a little rhetoric, the famous apothegm that "every Englishman's house was his castle." But he may break the outer door of a building dis- connected with a dwelling house, as a barn or store ; and being peaceably, by voluntary ad- mission or by entry without opposition, within a dwelling house, the sheriff may break open inner doors, or chests or boxes, in search of goods ; and it is said that he may do this with- out the ceremony of asking that they be opened. 'FIESCHI (singular FIESCO), one of the four principal families of Genoa and its territory, said to be of Bavarian origin. The Fieschi and Grimaldis adhered to the Guelphs, the Dorias and Spinolas to the Ghibellines. Their rivalries occasioned frequent wars in the re- public of Genoa between the llth and 16th centuries, when the failure of the conspiracy against the Dorias drove the elder branch of the Fieschi into France, and left the younger poor and powerless. They defied the authority of the city in an obstinate struggle in the early part of the 12th century, but finally their castles were captured and destroyed, and they sub- mitted. In 1150 the republic granted them the privilege of erecting a palace in Genoa; and in 1191 they resigned to the republic their castle of Lavagna and their other fiefs, in re- turn for which they received the right of citi- zenship and nobility. The Fieschi family has produced two popes, Innocent IV. and Adrian V., and a large number of cardinals, patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops, besides statesmen and warriors. (See FIESCO.) FIESCHI, Joseph Marie, a French conspirator, born in Corsica in 1790, executed in Paris, Feb. 19, 1836. He served in the Russian cam- paign, and left the army in 1814 with the grade of sergeant. Subsequently joining Murat's fa- tal expedition to Calabria, he was spared by the Neapolitans as a Frenchman. From 1816 to 1826 he served a term in the penitentiary at Embrun for cattle stealing and forgery. He afterward went to Paris, obtained employment in a manufactory near the Gobelins, and also-
