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both brothers aided in the establishment of manufactures in New England, thereby largely adding to their fortunes. The naturally benevolent disposition of Amos gradually led him to resist the demands which his business imposed upon his time and inclinations; and when, after a serious illness in 1831, he was compelled to retire permanently from active participation in the affairs of his firm, he devoted the remaining years of his life to acts of beneficence. From the beginning of the year 1829 till his death he expended, according to his books, $639,000 for charitable purposes. Nearly five sixths of this amount were given during the last 11 years of his life. Among the public objects of his bounty were Williams college, to which he gave nearly $40,000; the academy in Groton, now called the Lawrence academy, on which he expended at different times $20,000; Wabash college, Kenyon college, the theological seminary at Bangor, Me., and several others. Books he distributed in whole libraries, sending collections to many literary institutions and deserving persons. He established and for some time maintained a child's infirmary in Boston, and gave $10,000 for the completion of the monument on Bunker hill. His private benefactions were almost innumerable, and several rooms in his house were used as the receptacles of articles for distribution.—See “Extracts from the Diary and Correspondence of the late Amos Lawrence, with a Brief Account of some Incidents in his Life; edited by his son, William R. Lawrence, M. D.” (Boston, 1855). II. Abbott, an American merchant, brother of the preceding, born in Groton, Mass., Dec. 16, 1792, died in Boston, Aug. 18, 1855. In his 16th year he was bound an apprentice to his brother Amos in Boston, and in 1814 he became one of the firm of A. and A. Lawrence, which for many years conducted a prosperous business in the sale of foreign cotton and woollen goods on commission. Subsequent to 1830 they were largely interested as selling agents in the manufacturing companies of Lowell, and in the latter part of his life Abbott Lawrence participated extensively in the China trade. In 1834 he was elected a representative in congress, and was appointed a member of the committee on ways and means. He declined an election to the next congress, but served for a brief period in 1839-'40. In 1842 he was appointed a commissioner on the part of Massachusetts on the subject of the northeastern boundary. He took an active part in the presidential canvass of 1844 as a supporter of Mr. Clay, as he had done four years previous in the election of Gen. Harrison; and in the whig national convention of 1848 he was a prominent candidate for vice president, lacking but six votes of a nomination. In 1849 President Taylor offered him a seat in the cabinet, which he declined; but he accepted the post of minister to Great Britain, which he occupied with credit until October, 1852, when he was recalled at his own request. The remainder of his life was devoted to his private business. In 1847 he gave to Harvard university $50,000 to found the scientific school, bearing his name, connected with that institution; and he bequeathed a like sum in aid of the same object. He also left $50,000 for the erection of model lodging houses, the income to be for ever applied to certain public charities.—See Hunt's “Lives of American Merchants,” vol. ii.
LAWRENCE. I. Sir Henry Montgomery, a British soldier, born in Matura, Ceylon, June 28, 1806, died in Lucknow, July 4, 1857. He studied in the military college at Addiscombe, obtained a cadetship in the Bengal artillery in 1821, served in the Afghan campaign in 1843, and in the same year, having then reached the rank of major, was appointed British resident at Katmandu. He distinguished himself in the Sutlej campaigns, and from 1846 to 1849 was agent for the governor general on the N. W. frontier and resident at Lahore. He was next appointed chief of the board of administration in the Punjaub, and received the commission of colonel. From 1852 to 1857 he was agent of the governor general in Rajpootana. Although ill health demanded his return to England, he consented at the request of the Indian government to assume the chief commissionership of Oude, and arrived at Lucknow in March, just before the commencement of the mutiny. When the first disturbances occurred he demanded and obtained full powers as chief military commander in Oude, receiving at the same time a commission as brigadier general, and the memorable defence of the residency was made under his direction up to the time of his death. He was mortally wounded by a shell July 2, and died at the residency two days afterward. He was the author of “Adventures of an Officer in Runjeet Singh's Service,” and of various military and political essays, originally published in the “Calcutta Review,” which were collected and reprinted in London in 1859. His life has been written by Maj. Gen. Sir H. B. Edwardes and Herman Merivale (London, 1872). II. John Laird Mair, lord, brother of the preceding, born in Richmond, Yorkshire, March 4, 1811. He went to India in 1829 as a cadet in the Bengal civil service, passed through various subordinate stations, and was magistrate successively at Delhi, Paniput, and Goorgaon. About 1845 he was appointed judge, magistrate, and collector in the central district of Bengal, whence he was transferred in 1846 to the chief commissionership of the newly annexed provinces beyond the Sutlej. In 1852 he was appointed chief commissioner of the Punjaub. He was still at the head of affairs in that country when the mutiny broke out in 1857, and owing to his prompt and judicious measures the Punjaub was one of the few parts of Bengal in which the rebellion never succeeded. He was created a baronet Aug. 16, 1858. In the same year he returned home, where he was made a mem-
