KLEIST KLIEFOTH dignation he then manifested at the cruelties ordered by the commissioners of the conven- tion caused him to be cashiered ; but he was recalled in 1794, raised to the rank of general of division, and sent to the army of the north under Jourdan. He shared in the victory at Fleurus, June 26, 1794, and in the conquest of the Austrian Netherlands. In 1795 he block- aded Mentz, and directed several bold opera- tions on the banks of the Ehine. In the follow- ing campaign he defeated the Austrian division under the prince of Wiirtemberg at the crossing of the Sieg, June 1, 1796, and nearly destroyed the same, three days later, at the battle of Alten- kirchen. Nevertheless, he was dismissed, and retired to Ohaillot, in the vicinity of Paris, where he devoted his leisure to preparing his Memoires. In 1798 he joined Bonaparte in his expedition to Egypt, and received a wound on the head at the storming of Alexandria, where he remained in the capacity of governor. He accompanied the expedition to Syria, led the advance division, crossed the desert, took Gaza and Jaffa, won the victory of Moujit Tabor, and on the raising of the siege of Acre covered the retreat of the exhausted army. "When Bona- parte returned to France, he confided to Kleber the command of the army. The latter, who had never believed that Egypt could be held, listened to proposals of peace, and signed the treaty of El-Arish with Sir Sidney Smith, by which the French were allowed to leave Egypt with their arms and baggage. Kleber hastened to deliver some of the fortresses he held to the Turks, but was informed by Lord Keith that the treaty had not been ratified by the English government, and that the French army must lay down their arms and give themselves up as prisoners of war. On the reception of this news, Kleber attacked the Turkish army, won the brilliant victory of Heliopolis (March 20, 1800), retook Cairo and several other cities, and found himself again the undisputed master of Egypt. He now succeeded in conciliating Murad Bey, and was about to conclude peace with ^ the Turks when he was murdered while walking in his garden at Cairo, by a young fanatic named Solyman. Kleber's remains were brought to Marseilles on the evacuation of Egypt by the French army, and placed in the chateau d'If. In 1818 they were removed to his native city, and a bronze statue was in- augurated over them, June 14, 1840. KLEIST, Ewald Christian von, a German poet, born at Zeblin, Pomerania, March 3, 1715, died in Frankfort-on-the-Oder, Aug. 24, 1759. After studying at Konigsberg, he entered suc- cessively the Danish and the Prussian military service, was appointed lieutenant under Prince Henry by Frederick the Great, and after distin- guishing himself for valor was fatally wounded in the battle of Kunersdorf. His greatest pro- duction is Der Fruhling (1749). An edition of his complete works was published at Berlin in 1803 (2 vols.; 2d ed., 1825). A new edition, revised by Julian Schmidt, appeared in 1859. KLEIST, Heinrich von, a German poet, born in Frankfort-on-the-Oder, Oct. 10, 1776, died near Potsdam, Nov. 21, 1811. He made the campaign of the Rhine against France, and afterward studied law. After the battle of Jena he lamented in his poems the misfortunes of his country and his own imprisonment du- ring the French occupation of Berlin. Du- ring the Austrian war against France in 1809, he hastened full of hope toward Vienna, but heard of the conclusion of peace on his way. Two years later he committed suicide in com- pany with a friend, the wife of a Berlin mer- chant. He was one of the most able of the German romantic school of poets, and Gervinus calls him " the political "Werther of his age." KLEMM, Friedrich Gnstay, a German historian, born in Chemnitz, Saxony, Nov. 12, 1802, died in Dresden, Aug. 26, 1869. He graduated at Jena in 1825, became in 1834 assistant, and in 1852 chief librarian at Dresden, and resigned in 1863. He pursued his historical studies with particular regard to the progress of civili- zation and humanity. His ethnographical, his- torical, and antiquarian collection was taken to Leipsic in 1871, for the central anthropological museum of that city. His principal works are : Die Geschichte von Baiern (3 vols., Dresden, 1828) ; A llgemeine CulturgescJiicJite der MenscTi- Tieit (10 vols., Leipsic, 1843-'52) ; Allgemeine Culturwissenschaft (2 vols., 1854-'5) ; Die Frauen (6 vols., Dresden, 1854-'8) ; and Vor fanfzig Jahren (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1865). KLENGEL, Johann Christian, a German painter, born near Dresden, May 5, 1751, died Dec. 19, 1824. The son of a peasant, he was learning bookbinding when he was provided with means to study at the academy of Dresden, and after- ward in Italy. In 1802 he became professor in the Dresden academy, and was at the head of a school of landscape painters. He excelled in pictures of harvests, and many of his land- scapes are remarkable for fine coloring, though mostly ultra - realistic imitations of nature. Many of his works found purchasers in Eussia, and he made engravings from a great number of his paintings. KLENKE. SeeKARSCH. KLENZE, Leo YOU, a German architect, born in Hildesheim, Feb. 29, 1784, died in Munich, Jan. 27, 1864. He studied in Paris and Italy, became the friend and adviser of the crown prince of Bavaria, and after the elevation of the latter to the throne as Louis I. in 1825, was the architect of the Walhalla, as well as of the Glyptothek, Pinakothek, and other public build- ings in Munich. He published a number of essays on art, including a treatise in which he endeavored to prove that the Grecian style of architecture is alone adapted to churches. KLIEFOTH, Theodor Friedrich Dethlef, a Ger- man theologian, born at Korchow, Mecklen- burg, Jan. 18, 1810. He has been for the last 25 years the principal ecclesiastical dignitary at Schwerin, and is a leader of the Old Lutherans. His principal works are : Die ursprungliche
