334: LEMAIRE LfiMERY ton Court. The landscapes in his pieces were generally executed by other hands. He occa- sionally painted historical pictures, of which the best known is " Susannah and the Elders," at Burleigh house. LEMAIRE, Nicolas E loi, a French scholar, born at Triaucourt, Champagne, Dec. 1, 1767, died Oct. 3, 1832. He completed his studies in the college of Ste. Barbe in Paris, and became pro- fessor of rhetoric in 1790. Embracing extreme revolutionary opinions, he was a deputy judge in 1793. Under the consulate he travelled in Italy, and delivered Latin improvisations in several cities. He obtained in 1811 the chair of Latin poetry at the college de France. Un- der the restoration he began the Bibliotheca Glassica Latina (154 vols., Paris, 1818 et seq.), which he left unfinished at his death. It em- braces 18 poets and 16 prose writers. He is the author also of several original Latin poems. LEMAIRE, Philippe Henri, a French sculptor, born in Valenciennes in 1798. He studied in Paris and Rome, and exhibited in 1827 a statue of a young girl holding a butterfly, which was purchased by the duchess of Berry. Several of his subsequent works were placed in Uie Tui- leries, the Luxembourg, and Versailles. For his colossal group in front of the Madeleine, representing " Christ pardoning Mary Magda- len," he was made an officer of the legion of honor in 1843, and a member of the academy in 1845. Among his later works are statues of Henry IV. for the hotel de ville, of Hoche at Versailles, of Napoleon at the exchange of Lille, and of Froissart at Valenciennes. LEDIAlTRE, Frederick, a French actor, born in Havre about 1800. At an early age he pre- . pared himself for the stage. In 1822 he failed j in a competition for prizes offered to the pupils of the conservatory, only a single vote being recorded in his favor, but that was given by Talma. In 1823 he made his d6but at the Ambigu Comique, but his reputation was not firmly established till 1834 by his personation of Robert Macaire, at the Folies Dramatiques, in the play of that name, of which he was one of the authors. His rendering of Alexandre Dumas's Kean, and particularly of Victor Hu- go's Ruy Bias (1836), and of Balzac's Vautrin (1840) added to his fame, although not even his acting could save the latter play from being withdrawn on account of its reflections upon Louis Philippe. In 1842 he played for some time at the Theatre Francais, but his genius was not suited to those classic boards. He subsequently performed alternately at the Porte St. Martin, the Gaite, the Varietes, the Od6on, and the Ambigu Comique, where he was so successful in amusing the audiences in his comic and moving them in his tragic parts, that he was often called the Talma of the | boulevards. Among his most popular per r formances, besides Robert Macaire, were Don Cesar de Bazan and Toussaint 1'Ouverture. He won great applause in Le meux caporal (1853), Henri III. (1856), and Le maitre d'ecole (1859). He afterward retired from the stage for some years; but in October, 1873, he again made his appearance, playing the part of the name- less Jew in Victor Hugo's Marie Tudor. LEMAN, Lake. See GENEVA, LAKE OF. LE MANS. See MANS. LEMBERG, or Leopol (Pol. Lwow the capital of Austrian Galicia, on the Peltew, a small tributary of the Bug, 185 m. E. of Cracow; pop. in 1870, 87,105, nearly one third of whom were Jews. The city proper is small, but the suburbs are extensive and contain many hand- some houses ; and the lofty towers of the cathe- dral and numerous other churches, as well as the massiveness of other public edifices, give to the city an imposing appearance. The uni- versity of Lemberg, founded in 1784, had in 1872 46 professors and 1,031 students (554 Poles, 430 Ruthenians, 47 Germans). The uni- versity library in 1873 had 55,000 volumes. The city possesses also an institute, established by Ossolinski, rich in Slavic antiquities and in ancient Polish literature. Among the most noteworthy buildings are the city hall, the Count Skarbek theatre, the diet hall, the palace of the Catholic archbishop, and several con- vents, hospitals, and railroad depots. It is the seat of the governor of Galicia, of Roman Catholic, United Greek, and United Armenian archbishops, and of a Protestant superinten- dent general. Some manufactures, mainly of cloth and linen, are carried on ; but it is chief- ly as a commercial town, with large annual fairs, and as one of the principal corn markets of Austria, that Lemberg is important. Rail- way lines connect it with Cracow, Pesth, Czer- nowitz, and other cities. Lemberg was found- ed in the 13th century, taken by Casimir I. of Poland in 1340, besieged in 1648 by the re- volted Cossacks under Chmielnicki, who with- drew on receiving a large ransom, and cap- tured by the Turks in 1672, when it ceased to be of importance as a fortress. After having been more than four centuries in the possession of Poland, it came to Austria at the first par- tition of that country in 1772. It was bom- barded by the Austrians during the outbreak of Nov. 2, 1848. LEHIERY, Nicolas, a French chemist, born in Rouen, Nov. 17, 1645, died in Paris, June 19, 1715. His chemical lectures in Montpellier, and subsequently in Paris, were very popular. He stripped the science of most of the pre- vailing charlatanry, and Fontenelle and Vol- taire expressed the highest regard for his at- tainments. His Cours de cTiimie (Paris, 1675) passed through more than 30 editions, the best being by Baron (1756), was translated into many languages, and was the highest authority for nearly a century. On account of Lemery being a Protestant, he was deprived of his license in 1681, and after declining an offer from the elector of Brandenburg to teach chemistry in Berlin, he went to England in 1683, and was favorably received by Charles II., but soon re- sumed his practice in Paris. The revocation
