376 LEUCKART LEUTZE LECCKART, Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolph, a German zoologist, born in Helmstedt, Oct. 7, 1823. He graduated at Gottingen in 1845, and in 1850 became professor of zoology, and in 1855 also of comparative anatomy, at Giessen. He is especially distinguished as a helminthol- ogist. His principal works are : Die Blasen- bandwurmer und ihre Entwickelung (Giessen, 1856) ; Uhtersuchungen uber Trichina spiralis (Leipsic, 1861); and Die Parasiten des Men- schen und die von denselben herruhrenden EranTcJieiten (2 vols., Leipsic, 1863-'6). LEUCOTHEA. See INO. LEUCTRA, a village of Boaotia, ancient Greece, between Thespise and Platsea, celebrated for a victory obtained in its vicinity in 371 B. 0. by the Thebans over the Spartans. (See EPAMI- NONDAS.) Leuctra had ceased to exist even in the age of Strabo, but its site is still clearly- marked by a tumulus which occupies an emi- nence S. of the Thespian vale, and which is supposed to be the place of sepulture of the 1,000 Spartans who fell in the battle. LEUK (Fr. Loueche), a small town of Switz- erland, in the canton of Valais, on the right bank of the Rhone (which is here crossed by a bridge connecting with the road o,n the Sim- plon), 15 m. N. E. of Sion ; pop. about 1,200. It contains picturesque ruins and several church- es. About 5 m. N. of Leuk is Leukerbad (Fr. Loueche-les- Bains, pop. 600), with many hot springs, situated on the torrent Dala, at the foot of the Gemmi, about 4,600 ft. above the sea. The general temperature of the springs varies from 117 to 124. They contain some saline matter, but are chiefly beneficial on ac- count of their heat, though the water is slightly cooled before being used. Both sexes bathe together in large basins, wrapped up in thick woollen cloaks, and at the beginning of the cure remain continuously in the water every day from two to four hours. The springs were known in the 12th century. In the vicinity are the famous eight ladders at the foot of a precipice called the Wandfluh, which are placed almost perpendicularly against the face of the cliff. LEURET, Francois, a French anatomist, born in Nancy, Dec. 29, 1797, died there, Jan. 6, 1851. At the end of a year after commencing his medical studies, his father being unable to supply him with means of further support, Francois in despair enlisted as a private soldier. His regiment being stationed in France, he attended the lectures of Esquirol. A fellow student procured his discharge from the army, and obtained a situation for him as paid assis- tant in the insane hospital of Royer-Collard at Gharenton. In a few months he was appointed one of the internes of that institution, and before receiving his degree published several medical essays, one of which received the approval of the academy of sciences. In 1826 he took his degree and returned to Nancy to practise, but in less than a year he went back to Paris, became the assistant of Esquirol, and was installed as editor of the Annales d* Hy- giene et de Medecine legale. In 1831 he pub- lished an essay on the cholera of that year. In 1832, in connection with two of his friends, he published a series of observations on the frequency of the pulse in the insane, and another on measurements of the head. In 1834 appeared his Fragments psychologiques, a work which gained for him a high reputation. In 1839 he published Anatomie comparee du systeme nerveux considere dans ses rapports avec V intelligence, and in 1840 Traitement moral de la, folie, which raised him at once to the first rank among modern psychologists, and led to his appointment as director-in-chief of the Bicetre. In Des indications d suivre dans le traitement moral de la folie (1846), some of his earlier opinions were modified. LEITIIEN, a village of Prussian Silesia, about 10 m. W. of Breslau; pop. about 1,000. It is noteworthy as the scene of one of the great victories achieved by Frederick the Great over the Austrians in the seven years' war (Dec. 5, 1757). (See FREDERICK II. of Prussia.) LEETSCHAU (Hung. Locse), a royal free city of Hungary, capital of the county of Zips, 125 m. N. N. E. of Pesth; pop. in 1869, 6,887. It has an old Roman Catholic church with a celebrated organ, a Catholic and a Lutheran gymnasium, and a Franciscan convent. Leu- tschau was founded in 1245, and was formerly the richest and most flourishing town and one of the most important fortresses of Upper Hungary; but it greatly declined in conse- quence of the civil wars of the 17th century. LEUTZE, Emannel, an American painter, born in Gmtind, Wiirtemberg, May 24, 1816, died in Washington, D. 0., July 18, 1868. His parents emigrated in his infancy to Philadelphia, where his youth was passed. It was while attending at the sick bed of his father that he first at- tempted drawing. His first success in painting was a picture representing an Indian gazing at the setting sun, which procured him so many orders that in 1841 he was able to carry into effect a long cherished desire to study his art abroad. He went to Dusseldorf, and became one of the pupils of Lessing, under whom he made rapid progress. His first work in Eu- rope, " Columbus before the Council of Sala- manca," was purchased by the Diisseldorf art union ; and a picture representing Columbus in chains procured him the medal of the Brussels art exhibition. In 1843 he studied at Munich, and finished there his " Columbus before the Queen." After a stay in Venice and Rome, he in 1845 returned to Dusseldorf, where he mar- ried and chiefly resided till 1859, when he re- turned to the United States. Among his best works are "The Landing of the Norsemen in America," " Cromwell and his Daughter," " The Court of Queen Elizabeth," " Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn," "The Iconoclast," &c., some of which are of large dimensions. In the Uni- ted States he is known by his "Washington crossing the Delaware," " Washington at Mon-
