620 LONDON LONDONDERRY frequented by Shakespeare, Raleigh, and Ben Jonson. Not far from the Cockpit in Charing Cross, where Oliver Cromwell lived for some time, died the poet Spenser. Lord William Russell was beheaded in Lincoln's Inn Fields. The earl of Strafford, Algernon Sidney, and other eminent men were put to death on Tow- er hill, and Anne Boleyn, Catharine Howard, and many others near the tower of London. Charles I. was executed in the street facing the banqueting house at Whitehall. The Tabard inn, Southwark, which has been pulled down, was the starting place of Chaucer's pilgrims. In the Inner Temple lane is the house where Pope and Warburton first met. Fielding wrote his " Tom Jones " in Bow street, Co vent Gar- den, in a building now occupied by a police court. The regions of Fleet street, with the Mitre tavern, where Johnson and Boswell met, and of Temple Bar and the Strand, abound with associations of Dr. Johnson, Oliver Gold- smith, and their contemporaries. Temple Bar and old Smithfield were full of antiqua- rian interest, the latter in connection with re- ligious persecutions and with executions ; and it was in Leicester square that the unfortu- nate queen of Bohemia (the so-called queen of hearts) and other royal personages once re- sided, and where afterward art flourished in the studios of Hogarth and Reynolds, science under the roof of Newton, and surgery in the schools of Hunter and Bell. (See "Leicester Square, its Associations and its Worthies," by Tom Taylor, London, 1874.) The general and special works on diiferent periods and on the history, curiosities, characteristics, and works of art of London are very numerous ; but even the instructive and interesting illustrated " Lon- don," edited by Charles Knight (new ed., 6 vols., 1851), is becoming rather antiquated in view of the new improvements. The finest recent pictorial illustrations of London are by Dore", with text by Blanchard Jerrold (1872). LONDON, a city and inland port of entry of Canada, capital of Middlesex co., Ontario, situ- ated on the river Thames, at the junction of the Sarnia and Port Stanley branches with the main line of the Great Western railway, and at the terminus of a branch of the Grand Trunk line from St. Mary's, 105 m. W. S. W. of To- ronto, and the same distance E. N. E. of De- troit, Mich. ; pop. in 1852, 6,034; in 1861, 11,- 555; in 1871, 15,826; in 1874, 18,113, besides 7,000 in the suburbs. It is regularly laid out, with wide streets crossing each other at right angles and lighted with gas, and has many hand- some buildings. The crystal palace is a fine structure, erected for exhibition purposes, with extensive and well adapted show grounds. The Great Western railway depot is a fine brick building, and the company has workshops here also. The other principal public build- ings are the custom house, post office, court house, jail, city hall, Covent Garden market, the banks, and several of the churches. At the foot of Dundas street are white sulphur springs, famed for their medicinal properties, which in summer attract large numbers of in- valids and tourists. The city is the centre of a fine agricultural district, and has an important trade in wheat and other produce. Its manu- factures are considerable, embracing the pro- ducts of extensive iron f ounderies and machine shops, mills, breweries, chemical works, petro- leum refineries, and tanneries; besides boots and shoes, soap and candles, musical instru- ments, cabinet ware, carriages, &c. There are six branch banks and several hotels. The value of imports for the year ending June 30, 1873, was $2,555, 767; of exports, $1,629,532. Lon- don is divided into seven wards, is governed by a mayor and aldermen, and has an efficient police force and fire department. The chari- table institutions are a lunatic and an idiot asylum, the city hospital, orphan asylum, and the society for the deserving poor. There are three colleges under Episcopal management, occupying handsome brick buildings on an eminence in the N. part of the city, surround- ed by extensive grounds, viz. : Huron college, established in 1863 ; Hellmuth college, in 1865 ; Hellmuth ladies' college, in 1869; and a com- mercial college. The Roman Catholic convent has a young ladies' seminary connected with it. There are nine public schools, three daily, one tri-weekly, and five weekly newspapers, three monthly periodicals, and 19 churches, including the church of England and Roman Catholic cathedrals. LONDONDERRY. I. A N. county of Ire- land, in the province of Ulster, bordering on the Atlantic ocean, Lough Foyle, and Lough Neagh, and on the counties of Antrim, Tyrone, and Donegal; area, 802 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 173,932. In the centre and toward the south the surface is mountainous, and elsewhere mostly lowland, which is generally fertile. The principal rivers are the Foyle, Bann, and Roe. Agriculture, though improving, is not in a very advanced state. The principal manufacture is the weaving and bleaching of linen. The greater part of the county is held by lease under the corporation of Lon- don and its grantees. II. The capital, a city, parliamentary borough, and port, on the left bank of the Foyle, here crossed by a bridge 1,200 ft. long, 5 m. above Lough Foyle, and 123 m. N, N. W. of Dublin; pop. in 1871, 25,242. It is picturesquely built on an oval- shaped hill, the site of ancient Derry, sur- rounded by walls, beyond which however it has greatly extended. On the summit of the hill stands the cathedral of Derry, 114 ft. long and 66 ft. wide, with a spire 178|- ft. high. Besides several other churches of various de- nominations, the city contains Foyle college, Magee college, a district lunatic asylum, and a union workhouse. The Roman Catholic and church of Ireland bishops reside here, but both sees retain the former name of Derry, and the latter diocese has been united with that of Raphoe. The Diamond or market place, a
