LUITPRAND LUKE 711 pictures are almost invariably ascribed to Leo- nardo. The "Christ Disputing with the Doc- tors," in the British national gallery, formerly attributed to Leonardo, is now supposed to be the work of Luini. His best pictures in oil and fresco are in Milan, Lugano, and Saronno, including his "Magdalen," "St. John with the Lamb," and "The Enthroned Madonna." In elaborate finish, beauty of color, and expression, they are hardly inferior to the works of Leo- nardo. His frescoes are among the finest early specimens of the arts. Of these "The Cru- cifixion" and "The Madonna" are in the church of Sta. Maria degli Angioli at Lugano. His two sons, Aurelio and Evangelista, assist- ed him occasionally in his frescoes. LUITPRAND, or Lintprand, king of Lombar- dy, born about 690, died in January, 744. He aided in the defeat of the usurper Aribert II. in 712 by his father Ansprand, and the lat- ter dying after a reign of three months, Luit- prand was unanimously elected king. The wise laws which he enacted from 712 to 724 remained in force in northern Italy till the 18th century, and in the kingdom of Naples till the 16th. His desire of driving the Greeks out of Italy involved him in quarrels with suc- cessive popes, who dreaded the increase of the Lombard power as much as they hated the yoke of the Byzantine emperors. In 728, while Pope Gregory II. resisted the authority of the emperor Leo the Isaurian, Luitprand, declaring himself opposed to- the iconoclasts, wrested from the Greeks the exarchate of Ravenna and all the provinces north of Rome. Gregory, alarmed at these successes, persuaded the Vene- tians in 729 to expel the Lombards from the exarchate, and incited Spoleto and Benevento to revolt. These territories, however, were soon reconquered by Luitprand, who then ad- vanced toward Rome. The city was saved by the pope, and peace was restored momentarily. In 736 a dangerous illness forced Luitprand to give up the administration to his nephew Hil- debrand, who was elected to succeed him ; but having recovered, he continued to govern con- jointly with him. In 739 he went with an army to the succor of Charles Martel in France, and drove the Saracens out of Provence. On his return to Italy he once more attacked the Greeks, who were leagued against him with Pope Gregory III. Luitprand having laid siege to Rome with his victorious army, the pope offered the protectorate of that city to Charles Martel, at whose instance Luitprand raised the siege. With Pope Zachary, Gregory's succes- sor, Luitprand maintained more friendly rela- tions, restored the provinces taken by the Lom- bards, and made peace with the Greeks. He left Lombardy powerful and prosperous, and was succeeded by Hildebrand. LUITPRAND, or Lintprand, a Lombard histo- rian, born probably in Pavia about 920, died in Cremona in the beginning of 972. He was a deacon of the cathedral of Pavia, and after- ward chancellor of Berenger II., who sent fcim as ambassador to Constantinople. Having in- curred the resentment of Berenger and his queen in 950, he fled to the court of the empe- ror Otho I. In 958 he began to write the his- tory of contemporary events, which he contin- ued till 961, when he rejoined Otho in Italy, who appointed him bishop of Cremona and sent him to Rome. He was present in the council which judged Pope John XII. and controlled the election of the antipope Leo VIII. He was sent again as ambassador to Constantinople in 968 and 971. His works are of great historical interest, being lively and minute pictures of contemporary events and personages ; but they betray personal passions, and are full of chro- nological errors. They are : Eistoria Ottonis, or Liber de Rebus Gestis Ottonis Magni Impe- ratoris, a chronicle of events from 960 to 964 ; Relatio de Legatione Constantinopolitana (of 968); and Antapodosis, his longest work, in six books, embracing the general history of Europe from about 888 to 948. The best edi- tions are in the third volume of Pertz's Monu- menta Germanics Historica (Hanover, 1839), and that of Antwerp (fol., 1640). The Anta- podosis was translated into German by Baron von Osten-Sacken (Berlin, 1853). See also Kopke De Vita et Scriptis Luitprandi (1842) ; and "Wattenback, DeutscJilands Geschichtsquel- len im Mittelalter (2d ed., 1866). LIKE, Saint, the evangelist, the author of the third Gospel, and, according to ecclesiastical tradition, also of the Acts of the Apostles. The name is now generally regarded as an ab- breviation of Lucanus. It appears only three times in the New Testament. If these passa- ges refer to the author of the Gospel, he was a physician and a collaborator of St. Paul. If Luke was also the author of the Acts, he was in A. D. 52 with Paul in Troas, and accompa- nied him thence as far as Philippi. He followed Paul on his third missionary tour through Ma- cedonia, and by way of Troas, Miletus, Tyre, and Csesarea, to Jerusalem, and was with him again when Paul was sent as a prisoner to Rome. This is all that is recorded of him in the New Testament, and even Irenaeus knew nothing that could be added to it. Many more statements concerning his person are found in the ecclesiastical writers of later centuries. Ac- cording to Eusebius and others, he was a native of Antioch. Epiphanius says that he was one of the 70 disciples, and one of the two disciples who went to Emmaus, and that he labored in Dalmatia, Italy, Macedonia, and especially in Gaul. (Ecumenius says he went to Africa. The legend that he was a painter is first al- luded to by Nicephorus. Constantinople, Pa- trse in Achaia, and several other towns are men- tioned as the place where he died. Jerome ascribes to him an age of 84 years. The Ro- man Catholic church celebrates his festival on Oct. 18. The silence of the apostolic fathers concerning the Gospel of Luke indicates that it was admitted into the canon somewhat late. The first church writers who quote it are Jus-
