LUZAO France, who was mainly instrumental in the overthrow of the adventurer Ooncini (see Ax- OEE, MARSHAL D'), and superseded him in the favor of Louis XIII. His father was one of the richest landed proprietors of France. His mother was Mme. de Ohevreuse (1785-1813), whom Napoleon banished from the court on account of her bold comments on the imperial regime. At the interposition of Talleyrand she was afterward permitted to return, and was even appointed lady in waiting to Jose- phine ; but she did not conceal her dislike of the emperor, and refusing his order to escort the captive queen of Spain to France, on the ground that she would not perform the func- tion of a jailer, she was again expelled from Paris, as were Mme. K^camier and Mine, de Stael. After the banishment of his mother, young Ohevreuse, or De Luynes, as he after- ward signed his name, was educated by his grandmother Mme. de Luynes, and spent seven years in the military service. His attention was turned to archseological studies by the dis- covery in Italy, on an estate belonging to him, of the remains of the Greek city Metapontum. After the revolution of July, 1830, he equipped at his own expense the national guard of Dam- pierre, and evinced his readiness to make fur- ther pecuniary sacrifices for the support of the government, but refused to take his seat in the legislature. In 1848 he became a member of the constituent assembly, and in 1849 of the legislative assembly. He was opposed to the republican party, and also hostile to Louis Na- poleon, and was imprisoned for a short time after the coup d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851. He was a generous patron of art and artists, collect- ed at his manor of Dampierre a remarkable gallery of works of art, was admitted in 1830 to the institute as a free member of the acad- emy of inscriptions and belles-lettres, and was appointed in 1854 to superintend the long pro- jected catalogue of the imperial library, to which in 1862 he presented his collection of coins and medals. In 1864 he made an archae- ological and scientific tour in Syria and Pales- tine, an account of which was published after his death, by his grandson, under the direction of Count de Vogue: Voyage d' exploration a la Mer Norte, d Palmyre, d Petra, et sur la rive gauche du Jourdain (3 vols. 4to, Paris, 1871, relating to history and geography; a 4th volume, on geology, mineralogy, and palae- ontology, is to be added by Louis Lartet). Among the other works of De Luynes are: Etudes numismatiques (1835); Metaponte, in concert with Debacq (1836); and Choix de medailles grecques (1840). LI /AC, Jean, a Dutch philologist, born in Ley den, Aug. 2, 1746, killed by an explosion of gunpowder in the port of Leyden, Jan. 12, 1807. He was of a French Protestant family, was educated for the bar at the Hague, and in 1772 became one of the editors of the " Ley- den Gazette," a journal of European reputa- tion, controlled since 1738 by his father and LUZON 739 nncle. For a number of years subsequent to 1775 he was its sole editor, in which capacity he became known as a friend or correspon- dent of Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and of many eminent Europeans. He was afterward Greek professor at the university of Leyden, and in 1795 published an address JDe Socrate Cive, dedicated to John Adams, whose son, John Quincy Adams, had studied under his di- rection. During the revolutionary troubles in Holland he was forbidden to lecture on Greek history ; and having refused to obey this in- junction, he was deprived of his professorship, which was however restored to him in 1802 with an increase of salary. Upon being sus- pended from his professional functions, he re- ceived a letter from Washington, expressing sympathy in his behalf. His Lectiones Atticce, a defence of Socrates, was published in 1809. LUZERJV. See LTJCERNE. LI/ERNE, a N. E. county of Pennsylvania, intersected by the north branch of the Susque- hanna river, and also drained by the Lacka- wanna, Nescopeck, Huntingdon, and Wapwal- lopen creeks ; area, 1,427 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 160,915. The surface is mountainous, but di- versified by many beautiful and fertile valleys, among which is that of Wyoming. It is trav- ersed by several ridges of the Alleghanies and the Wyoming and Moosic mountains. It con- tains very rich and extensive coal fields. A branch of the state canal and several important railroads pass through it. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 104,297 bushels of wheat, 115,339 of rye, 368,537 of Indian corn, 475,- 988 of oats, 197,160 of buckwheat, 573,322 of potatoes, 38,555 Ibs. of wool, 1,068,565 of but- ter, and 58,145 tons of hay. There were 7,431 horses, 12,306 milch cows, 9,210 other cattle, 12,051 sheep, and 10,430 swine. There were 886 manufacturing establishments, having $9,- 380,270 capital, and an annual product of $17,- 493,463 ; the most important were 39 manu- factories of carriages, 5 of cars, 58 of clothing, 24 of furniture, 4 of gas, 3 of gunpowder, 23 of iron, 18 of machinery, 24 of saddlery and harness, 30 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 20 of cigars, 21 tanneries, 10 currying estab- lishments, 3 distilleries, 7 breweries, 30 flour mills, 7 planing mills, and 74 saw mills. Cap- ital, Wilkesbarre. LUZON, or Lufon, an island in the Pacific, belonging to Spain, the largest and most im- portant of the Philippine archipelago, lying between lat. 12 30' and 18 46' N., and Ion. 119 50 ; and 124 10' E., separated from the island of Samar by the narrow strait of San Bernardino; length N. W. to S. E. 520 m., greatest breadth E. and W. 140 m. ; area, about 40,000 sq. m. ; pop. about 4,500,000. The isl- and consists of two divisions, connected by an isthmus not more than 10 m. wide, and the northern of which is much the larger. The coast line of the northern division is in gen- eral very regular, except where indented by the bay of Davilican on the east, and the gulf
