MARTIN 209 a member of the colonial assembly, and in 1776 was appointed colonel of a regiment of the continental line, with which he fought at Brandywine and Germantown. He was state senator from 1779 to 1782, and in 1785, 1787, and 1788, and was speaker of the senate, and as such acting governor, in 1781-'2. In 1782 he was elected governor, and again in 1789, having in the interval been a member of the convention which framed the federal constitu- tion; and from 1793 to 1799 he was United States senator from North Carolina. MARTIN. I. Arthur, a French archaeologist, born at Auray, Morbihan, in 1801, died in Ra- venna in March, 1856. He became a Jesuit, and devoted himself exclusively to archeology. Besides several other remarkable illustrated works, he published with Pere Cahier Vitraux peints de Saint Etienne de Bourges (imp. fol., Paris, 1842-'44), and Melanges d? archeologie (4 vols. 4to, Paris, 1848-'56). In 1856, in a com- petition of European architects, he was cho- sen to design and construct the proposed ca- thedral at Lille ; and having gone to Ravenna to make some preliminary studies, he died there of pneumonia. II. Felix, a French ec- clesiastic, brother of the preceding, born at Auray, Oct. 4, 1804. He became a Jesuit, and in 1842 went to Canada to revive the mission there. He founded St. Mary's college, Mon- treal, over which he presided for many years ; his architectural ability was displayed not only in that institution, but also in two adjacent churches. He collected material relating to the history of Canada, and contributed largely to the recent publications on that subject. He was next stationed at Quebec, but his eyesight becoming impaired, he returned to France, and has since been connected with a house of his order near Paris. His chief works are : Ma- nuel du pelerin de Notre Dame de Bon Secours (Montreal, 1848) ; Relation des Jesuites, an en- larged translation of O'Callaghan's bibliogra- phy of that series (1850) ; a French translation with notes of Bressani's Breve relazione (Mon- treal, 1852) ; Mission du Canada, relations ine- dites (Paris, 1861) ; De Montcalm en Canada (1867); and Le R. P. Isaac Jogues (1873). He explored the Huron country and prepared a report upon it, and has assisted Carayon in his series of volumes on the Jesuit missions. MARTIN, Bon Louis Henri, a French historian, born in St. Quentin, Feb. 20, 1810. He was educated at the college of St. Quentin. Wolf- thurm, a romance, written in conjunction with Felix Davin, appeared in 1830, and was fol- lowed by a series of historical novels illustra- ting the period of the Fronde. In 1833 he be- gan the publication of Histoire de France par les principaux historiens, a work intended to embrace extracts, chronologically arranged, from the principal chroniclers and historians. One by one the contributors dropped off, un- til Martin was left to conduct the publica- tion alone. Tiring of this occupation, he de- termined to substitute an original history, of which the first edition, under the title of His- toire de France, appeared in 1833-'6 (15 vols. 8vo). Scarcely was the last volume issued from the press when he commenced a revision of the whole work on a more comprehensive plan, which occupied him 17" years, during which a second edition of the original work was also published. Of the 19 volumes of the second work, which appeared .at irregular in- tervals, the 10th and llth, devoted to "Reli- gious Wars," received the first Gobert prize of the academy of inscriptions, and the 14th, 15th, and 16th, relating to the reign of Louis XIV., the second Gobert prize from the French academy, and after the death of Augustin Thierry, the first. After the completion of the second revision Martin published a third and more elaborate one, embracing the most re- cent discoveries in Celtic antiquities, and in an- cient and mediaeval history, religion, language, and literature (17 vols., 1855-'60), a portion of which was translated into English by Mary L. Booth ("History of France: Age of Louis XIV.," 2 vols., Boston, 1865). In 1867 Martin issued an illustrated edition (4to) of his history. In 1869 the institute awarded it the biennial prize of 20,000 francs. He has also published Daniel Manin (Paris, 1859), L 1 Unite italienne et la France (1861), Jean Reynaud (1863), Pologne et Moscovie (1863), Vercingetorix, a historical drama (1865), and La Russie d" 1 Eu- rope (1866). In 1848 M. Martin occupied the chair of modern history at the Sorbonne. MARTIN, David, a French clergyman, born in Revel, Sept. 7, 1639, died in Utrecht, Holland, Sept. 9, 1721. He was admitted to the minis- try in 1663, emigrated to Holland after the revocation of the edict of Nantes, and about 1686 became pastor and professor of theology and philosophy in Utrecht. He was an emi- nent Biblical scholar, and published Histoire du Vieux et du Nouveau Testament (Amster- dam, 1700), which has been often reprinted, was translated into Dutch, was embellished with 420 fine engravings, and is known as "Mortier's Bible;" editions of the Bible with notes, and a treatise on revealed religion. MARTIN, Francois Xavier, an American jurist, born in Marseilles, France, March 17, 1764, died in New Orleans, Dec. 11, 1846. At the age of 18 he emigrated to Martinique, where he was unsuccessful in business. In 1786 he took up his residence in New Berne, N. C., and taught French. He also learned printing and established a newspaper, which he peddled through the adjoining counties ; and subse- quently he published school books, almanacs, translations of French works, &c. He was admitted to the bar, but continued to work as a printer, and published brief treatises on the duties of sheriffs, justices of the peace, execu- tors, and administrators. He compiled the British statutes in force in North Carolina at the period of the revolution, with a digest of the statutes of the state, and a translation of "Pothier on Obligations," which, published in
