MAINE 29 the N. E. corner of New Hampshire. Maine is divided into 16 counties, viz. : Androscog- Aroostook, Cumberland, Franklin, Han- cock, Kennebec, Knox, Lincoln, Oxford, Pe- nobscot, Piscataquis, Sagadahoc, Somerset, Wal- do, Washington, and York. The cities are Augusta, the capital (pop. in 1870, 7,808), Au- >urn (6,169), Bangor (18,289), Bath (7,371), Jelfast (5,278), Biddeford (10,282), Calais (5,944), Ellsworth (5,257), Gardiner (4,497), HalloweU (3,007), Lewiston (13,600), Portland (31,413), Rockland (7,074), and Saco (5,755). Portland is the leading commercial city. The largest towns are Brewer (3,214), Brunswick (4,687), Bucksport (3,433), Camden (4,512), Cape Elizabeth (5,106), Deer Isle (3,414), East- port (3,736), Ellsworth (5,257), Farmington (3,251), Gorham (3,351), Hampden (3,068), Kittery (3,333), Skowhegan (3,893), Thomas- ton (3,092), Waldoborough (4,174), Waterville (4,852), and Westbrook (6,583). The popula- tion of Maine and its rank in the Union, ac- cording to the federal enumerations, have been as follows : DATE OF CENSUS. White persons. Colored persons. Total population. Rank. 1790 96,002 538 96540 11 1800 150901 818 151 719 14 1810 227 736 969 228705 14 1820 297340 929 298 269 12 1880 398 263 1 192 899 455 12 1840 500438 1355 501 793 18 1850 581 813 1356 583169 16 I860 626 947 1,327 628 279 22 1STO 624,809 1,606 626,915 23 Of the total population in 1870, 313,103 were males and 313,812 were females ; 578,034 were native and 48,881 foreign born ; .and there were 499 Indians and 1 Chinaman enumerated. Of those of native birth, 550,629 were born in Maine, 11,139 in Massachusetts, and 9,753 in New Hampshire. Of the foreigners, 26,788 were born in British America, 15,745 in Ire- land, and 3,650 in England. The density of population was 17'91 to a square mile. There were 131,017 families, with an average of 4'78 to each, and 121,953 dwellings, with an aver- age of 5-14 to each. Between 1860 and 1870 there was a decrease of 1,364 or 0*22 per cent, in the total population, this being the only state except New Hampshire in which there was a loss. The number of male citizens 21 years old and upward was 153,160. ' There were 175,588 persons from 5 to 18 years of age ; the total number attending school was 155,140. Of persons 10 years of age and over, 13,486 were unable to read, and 19,052 could not write, of whom 9,646 were males and 9,406 females, making the percentage of illiterates 10 years old and over, to the total population (493,847) of the same age, 3 -86, which is less than in any other state except Nevada, where the percentage was 2*38, and New Hampshire, where it was 3-81. In the total number (169,- 823) of male adults, 6,585, or 3'88 per cent, were illiterates ; and of 174,068 adult females, 6,834, or 3 '91 per cent. The number of pau- pers supported during the year ending June 1, 1870, was 4,619, at a cost of $367,000. Of the total number (3,631) receiving support, June 1, 1870, 3,188 were natives and 443 foreigners. The number of persons convicted of crime during the year was 431. Of the total num- ber (371) in prison June 1, 1870, 261 were of native and 110 of foreign birth. There were 324 blind, 299 deaf and dumb, 792 insane, and 628 idiotic. Of the total population 10 years of a^e and over (493,847), there were engaged .in all occupations 208,225, of whom 179,784 were males and 28,441 females; in agricul- ture, 82,011, of whom 24,738 were agricultural laborers, and 56,941 farmers and planters; in professional and personal services, 36,092, including 890 clergymen, 11,321 domestic ser- vants, 13,833 laborers not specified, 558 law- yers, 818 physicians and surgeons, and 4,183 teachers not specified ; in trade and transpor- tation, 28,115, of whom 11,670 were sailors; in manufactures and mechanical and mining industries, 62,007, including 2,697 blacksmiths, 8,757 boot and shoe makers, 6,474 carpenters and joiners, 3,896 fishermen and oystermen, 1,765 lumbermen and raftsmen, 4,187 saw-mill operatives, 2,256 ship carpenters, 2,432 wool- len-mill operatives, 8,774 cotton-mill opera- tives, and 1,131 mill and factory operatives not specified. The total number of deaths from all causes was 7,728 ; from consumption, 1,991, there being 3'9 deaths from all causes to 1 from consumption ; from pneumonia, 495, or 15'6 deaths from all causes to 1 from pneu- monia ; from diphtheria and scarlet fever, 502 ; from intermittent and remittent fever, 39 ; from cerebro-spinal, enteric, and typhus fe- vers, 641 ; from diarrhoea, dysentery, and en- teritis, 269. According to the census of 1870, there was a greater number of deaths from consumption in Maine, in proportion to the total mortality, than in any other state, the ratio being 25,598 deaths from consumption in 100,000 deaths from all causes ; while in New Hampshire, the state ranking next in this re- spect, the ratio was 22,209 in 100,000. The coast of Maine extends in an E. N. E. direc- tion, from Kittery point on the west to Quoddy head on the east, about 218 m. in a straight line ; but following its exact outline, and in- cluding the islands, the length of shore line is 2,486 m. It is studded with numerous islands, and indented by many bays and inlets, forming excellent harbors. The largest island is Mount Desert, having an area of 60,000 acres, and lying W. of Frenchman's bay. Its formation is very peculiar, and its scenery picturesque and striking. Thirteen peaks, the highest of which has an elevation of about 1,800 ft., rise from its surface from W. to N. Besides this; the principal islands are Isle au Haut, off tho entrance of Penobscot bay, in which are Deer, Long, and Fox islands, and the Isles of Shoals, a group of eight belonging partly to New Hampshire. Among the largest bays are Pas-
