PALMER PALMERSTON one of his best works. " The White Captive " is a nude figure of a young American woman, a captive to savages who have tied her to a tree. Among his works in bass relief are " Faith," "Immortality," "Sappho," "Peace in Bon- dage," "Good Morning," and "The Spirit's Flight." He has made many fine portrait busts, among others, of Alexander Hamilton, Wash- ington Irving, Commodore M. C. Perry, E. D. Morgan, Moses Taylor, and Erastus Corning. He went to Paris in 1873 and modelled for the state of New York a statue of Robert R. Liv- ingston, which was cast in bronze in Paris, and placed in the old hall of representatives at Washington in March, 1875. His most com- prehensive design, representing the "Landing of the Pilgrims," including 16 statues of colos- sal size, is intended for the capitol at Washing- ton. He still lives in Albany. PALMER, John, an English clergyman, born in Southwark in 1729, died June 26, 1790. In 1759 he became pastor of a Presbyterian con- gregation in London, with which he remained connected till 1780, when, having married a lady of fortune, he retired from the minis- try, and devoted himself to literary pursuits. In the latter part of his life he abandoned the doctrines of Calvin for those of Socinus. His principal works are : " Observations in defence of the Liberty of Man as a Moral Agent," in reply to Dr. Priestley's " Illustrations of Phi- losophical Necessity " (8vo, London, 1779); an appendix to that production, and a " Letter to Priestley" on the same subject; and a "Sum- mary View of Christian Baptism." PALMER, Ray, an American author, born at Little Compton, R. I., Nov. 12, 1808. He grad- uated at Yale college in 1830, studied theology at New Haven, and was ordained in 1835 as pastor of the central Congregational church in Bath, Me. In 1850 he became pastor of the first Congregational church in Albany, N. Y., and in 1866 secretary of the American Congre- gational union in New York, which office he still holds (1875). In 1852 he received the de- gree of D. D. from Union college. He has written many hymns and sacred poems which have gained a wide popularity, the best known being the hymn " My faith looks up to Thee." His principal works are: "The Spirit's Life," a poem (1837) ; " Spiritual Improvement " (1839), enlarged as "Closet Hours" (1851); "Doctrinal text Book" (1839); "Hints on the Formation of Religious Opinions" (1860); " Hymns and Sacred Pieces " (1865) ; " Remem- ber Me, or the Holy Communion " (1865) ; "Hymns of my Holy Hours" (1867) ; " Home, or the Unlost Paradise," a poem in four parts (1872); and "Earnest Words on True Success in Life" (1873). PALMER. I. Roundel), Lord Selborne, an Eng- lish statesman, born at Mixbury, Oxfordshire, Nov. 27, 1812. He was educated first at Rug- by and Winchester, and graduated at Trinity college, Oxford, in 1834, as first class in clas- sics, having previously gained several prizes, among which were those for Latin and Eng- lish verse. He was chosen to a fellowship at Magdalen college, in 1834 obtained the Eldon law scholarship, and in 1835 the chancellor's prize for the Latin essay. He was called to the bar in 1837, and was made queen's counsel in 1849. He was returned to parliament in 1847 for Plymouth, was defeated in 1852, but was again returned in 1853, holding his seat until 1857. In 1861, having been knighted and made solicitor general, he was returned for Richmond, and in 1865 and 1868 was re- elected. He was made attorney general in 1864, but went out of office in 1866 with the other members of the Russell administration. On Mr. Gladstone's accession in 1868, the chan- cellorship was offered to him ; but he declined on account of his difference with the premier on the question of the disestablishment of the Irish church. In 1872 he was the counsel of the British government at the Geneva court of arbitration, and was soon after raised to the peerage under the title of Lord Selborne, and became lord chancellor, retiring in 1874 with the Gladstone ministry. He has edited "The Book of Praise, from the best English Hymn Writers " (London, 1862). II. William, an Eng- lish clergyman, brother of the preceding, born July 12, 1811. He graduated in 1830 at Mag- dalen college, Oxford, where he became fellow, tutor, and public examiner. He subsequently took orders, travelled in the East, and endeav- ored to draw together the Anglican and orien- tal churches. In 1856 he joined the Roman Catholic communion. Besides several contro- versial pamphlets, he has published " Harmony of Anglican Doctrine with that of the East" (1844), and "The Patriarch and the Tsar," translated from the Russian (1871). PALMERSTON, Henry John Temple, viscount, a British statesman, born in London, Oct. 20, 1784, died at Brockett Hall, Herts, Oct. 18, 1865. He succeeded to the title as third vis- count (in the Irish peerage) in 1802, and after studying in the university of Edinburgh gradu- ated at St. John's college, Cambridge, in 1806. In 1807 he was returned to parliament for Newport, Isle of Wight, and from 1811 to 1831 represented Cambridge university. He suc- ceeded Lord Castlereagh as secretary at war in the Perceval cabinet in 1809, and held the office under five administrations, retiring with Huskisson from the Wellington cabinet in May, 1828. He soon afterward severed his connec- tion with the tory party, and was secretary of state for foreign affairs under Earl Grey from November, 1830, to December, 1834, and under Lord Melbourne from April, 1835, to September, 1841. In July, 1846, he was again called to that post in the Russell cabinet ; but offending the court and his colleagues by his friendly attitude toward the coup d'etat of Louis Napoleon, he retired in December, 1851. In 1852 he became home secretary in the co- alition ministry of Lord Aberdeen, whom he succeeded as prime minister in 1855. In 1857
