512 PIKE PIKE'S PEAK 331 sheep, and 26,413 swine. Capital, Peters- burgh. IX. A W. county of Illinois, separated from Missouri on the southwest by the Mis- sissippi river, bounded E. by the Illinois, and drained by McKee's, Bay, and Little Muddy creeks ; area, about 750 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 30,768. A lateral channel of the Mississippi, called Snycartee slough, traverses the county. It has a rolling surface, about equally divided between forest and prairie, and the soil is very fertile. It contains large quantities of coal. The Hannibal division and the Pittsfield branch of the Toledo, Wabash, and Western railroad pass through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 1,057,627 bushels of wheat, 1,399,188 of Indian corn, 161,419 of oats, 54,736 of pota- toes, 385,672 Ibs. of butter, 71,638 of wool, and 17,216 tons of hay. There were 11,047 horses, 1,880 mules and asses, 7,657 milch cows, 12,315 other cattle, 18,688 sheep, and 51,433 swine; 18 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 15 of cooperage, 9 of saddlery and harness, 5 of tobacco, 3 of woollen goods, 14 flour mills, and 6 saw mills. Capital, Pittsfield. X. An E. county of Missouri, separated from Illinois by the Mississippi river, intersected by Salt riv- er, and drained by several creeks ; area, about 700 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 23,076, of whom 4,195 were colored. It is intersected by the Chica- go and Alton railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 438,009 bushels of wheat, 699,- 522 of Indian corn, 232,828 of oats, 28,357 of potatoes, 12,489 tons of hay, 632,552 Ibs. of tobacco, 69,791 of wool, 253,545 of butter, 31,015 of honey, and 11,418 gallons of sor- ghum molasses. There were 8,091 horses, 3,079 mules and asses, 5,760 milch cows, 11,224 other cattle, 22,608 sheep, and 30,062 swine; 12 man- ufactories of carriages and wagons, 3 of tobac- co, 3 of woollen goods, 1 distillery, 1 iron f oun- dery, 6 flour mills, 7 saw mills, and 3 planing mills. Capital, Bowling Green. PIKE, Albert, an American poet, born in Boston, Dec. 29, 1809. When he was four years old the family removed to Newburyport. At the age of 16 he entered Harvard college; but being unable to support himself in Cam- bridge, he became a teacher. In the spring of 1831 he started for the west and south. From St. Louis he set out with a company of 40 on an expedition to Mexico, and remained a year at Santa Fe. In September, 1832, he left Taos with a company of trappers, and, after a visit to the head waters of the Red and Brazos riv- ers, separated with four others from the party, and travelled 500 miles on foot to Fort Smith in Arkansas. The following winter he spent in teaching. In the mean time he had written poems for the " Arkansas Advocate," published at Little Rock, of which he became part pro- prietor, and in 1834 bought the whole estab- lishment. He edited the paper till 1836, but meanwhile studied law and was admitted to the bar, after which he devoted himself en- tirely to that profession. In 1836 he super- vised the publication of the revised statutes of Arkansas. During the Mexican war he served with distinction as a volunteer. On the out- break of the civil war he organized a body of Cherokee Indians, and fought with them on the confederate side in the battle of Pea Ridge. In 1867- 1 8 he edited the " Memphis Appeal." He has published " Hymns to the Gods" (Bos- ton, 1831), republished in "Blackwood's Maga- zine" in 1839 ; " Prose Sketches and Poems" (Boston, 1834) ; " Reports of Cases in the Su- preme Court of Arkansas " (5 vols., Little Rock, 1840-'45); "The Arkansas Form Book" (8vo, 1845); and "Nugse" (Philadelphia, 1854, printed only for private distribution). He has held the highest offices in the society of free- masons, and has published " Statutes and Laws of the Ancient Scottish Rite" (1859). PIKE, Zebnlon Montgomery, an American sol- dier, born in Lamberton, N. J., Jan. 5, 1779, killed in the attack on York (now Toronto), Canada, April 27, 1813. He entered the army, serving in his father's company, and rose to the rank of lieutenant. After the United States purchased Louisiana, Pike was sent to explore the sources of the Mississippi and the surround- ing territory. He left St. Louis Aug. 9, 1805, at the head of 20 men, provisioned for four months ; but his journey lasted nearly nine months, during which he suffered greatly. Soon after his return he was sent on a similar ex- pedition to the interior of Louisiana. Here winter overtook the party, and for weeks they suffered from cold and hunger. After three months' march they made their way to what they supposed was the Red river, but were taken prisoners by a body of Spanish cavalry, who informed them that they were in Spanish territory and on the banks of the Rio Grande. After an examination before the commandant general of the province of Biscay, Pike was sent home, arriving at Natchitoches July 1, 1807. He received the thanks of government, and was made successively captain, major, and in 1810 colonel of infantry. In that year he published an account of his two expeditions. At the beginning of the war of 1812 he was stationed on the northern frontier, was ap- pointed in 1813 brigadier general, and was selected to command the land forces in the expedition against York, the capital of Upper Canada. He sailed from Sackett's Harbor April 25, arrived at York April 27 at the head of 1,700 men, and after landing and carrying one battery he was mortally wounded from the explosion of the British magazine. See his life by H. Whiting in Sparks's "American Biography," second series, vol. v. PIKE'S PEAK, a summit of the Rocky moun- tains, in El Paso co., Colorado, about 75 in. S. of Denver ; elevation more than 14,000 ft. above the sea. It is reached from Colorado Springs on the Denver and Rio Grande railroad. The distance to the summit from this point is 19 m. : the whole can be travelled on horseback. Two enormous gorges extend from the top almost to the base, one of them visible to the
