POPE 707 personages. There reigns also much confusion in the papal chronology of the 10th and llth centuries, especially in placing the popes of the name of John. We subjoin a table of the popes, with figures indicating the beginning of each pontificate, both according to the Roman Notizie and the Gerarchia Cattolica of 1875, issued from the press of the Vatican ; the for- mer (being those used in our former edition and generally in our biographical articles) in paren- theses where they differ from the latter. The names printed in Italics are those of antipopes. St. Peter 4-> St. Boniface IV 608 St. Linus (66) 67 St. Adeodatus 1 615 St. Cletus 78 Boniface V 619 St. Clement I. (Clemens Honorius 1 625 Eomanus) (91) 90 (See vacant 1 yr. and 7 mos.) St. Anacletus 100 Severinus 640 St. Evaristus (100) 112 John IV- 640 St. Alexander I . . . .(108) 121 Theodorus 1 642 St. Sixtus I (119) 132 St. Martini 645 St. Telesphorus. . . .(127) 142 St. Eugenius I (654) 659 St. Hyginus (139) 154 St. Vitalianus 657 St. Pius I (142) 158 Adeodatus II 672 St. Anicetus (157) 167 Donus or Domnus 1 676 St. Soterus (168) 175 St. Agathon 678 St. Eleutherius . . . .(177) 182 St. Leo II 682 St. Victor 1 193 St. Benedict II 684 St. Zephyrinus....(202) 203 John V 685 St. Calixtus 217 Conon Theodorus ; St. Urban I (223) 227 Paschal 686 St. Pontianus (230) 233 St. SergiusI 687 St. Anterus (235) 23S John VI 701 St. Fabian (23(5) 240 John VII 705 St. Cornelius (250) 254 Sisinnius 708 St. Lucius Novatia- Constantino 708 nus ..(252) 255 St Gregory II 715 St. Stephen I (253) 257 St. Gregory III 781 St. Sixtus II (257) 260 St. Zachary 741 St.Dionysius (259) 261 Stephen II. (died before St. Felix I (269) 272 consecration) 752 St. Eutychianus 275 St. Caius 283 Stephen III 752 St. Paul l.-Constan- St. Marcellinus 296 tine : Theophylac- St. Marcellus I (309) 304 tus; Philip 757 St. Eusebius (310) 309 Stephen IV 768 St. Melchiades 311 Adrian I (772) 771 St. Sylvester 314 St. Leo III 795 St. Marcus 836 Stephen V 816 St. Julius I (337) 341 St. Paschal 1 817 St. Liberius. 352 Eugenius II 824 St. Felix II. (sometimes Valentinus 827 reckoned an antipope) Gregory IV 827 (355) 363 SergiusII 844 St.Damasus 366 St. Leo IV 847 St. Siricius 884 Benedict III. Anasta- St. Anastasius (898) 399 sius 855 St. Innocent 1 402 St. Nicholas I the Great 858 St. Zosimus 417 Adrian II 867 St. Boniface l. Eula- John VIII 872 lius 418 ' Marinus I. or Martin II. 882 St. Celestine I (422) 423 ! Adrian III 884 St. Sixtus III 432
- Stephen VI 885
St. Leo I. the Great 440 Formosus 891 St. Hilary 461 Boniface VI. (reigned St. Simplicius 46S St.- Felix III 483 only 18 days, and not included among the St. Gelasius 1 492 popes by Baronius and St. Anastasius II 496 others) 896 St. Symmachus 498 Stephen VII 896 St. Hormisdas Law- Eomanus 897 rence 514 Theodorus ll.Sergius St. John 1 528 III. 898 St. Felix IV 526 ! John IX 898 Boniface ll.Dioscoruf, 530 Benedict IV 900 John II (533) 532 Leo V 90S St. AgapetusI 535 ' Christopher 903 St. Sylverius 536 SergiusIII 904 Vigilius 537 Anastasius III 911 PelagiusI 555 Lando 913 John III 560 John X 914 Benedict (I.) Bonosus. . 574 Leo VI 928 PelagiusII 578 Stephen VIII 929 St. Gregory I. the Great. 590 John XI 981 Sabinianus 604 Leo VII 936 Boniface III 607 Stephen IX 939 Marinus Il.or Martin III. 943 Agapetus II 946 John XII. Leo VIII.. 956 Benedict V 904 John XIII 965 Benedict VI 972 Donus or Domnus II.. 974 Benedict VII 975 John XIV.... 983 Boniface VII 984 John XV ;... 985 John XVI 996 Gregory V 996 John XVII 999 Sylvester II 999 John XVIII 1003 John XIX 1003 SergiusIV 1009 Benedict VIII. Greg- ory VI. 1012 John XX 1024 Benedict IX 1033 Gregory VI. (abdicated in 1046) Sylvester HI. (1045) 1044 Clement II 1046 Damasus II. Benedict IX. attempts to re- sume the throne 1048 St. Leo IX 1049 Victor II 1055 Stephen X 1057 Benedict X 1058 Nicholas II (1058) 1059 Alexander II. Hono- ring II. 1061 St. Gregory VII. Cle- ment III. 1073 Victor III (1086) 1087 Urban II 1088 Paschal II 1099 Gelasius II. Gregory VIII. 1118 Calixtus II 1119 Honorius II 1124 Innocent II. Anacle- tus II. ; Victor IV.. 1180 Celestine II 1148 Lucius II 1144 Eugenius III 1145 Anastasius IV 1158 Adrian IV 1154 Alexander III. Victor V.; Paschal III.; Calixtus III. ; Inno- cent III. 1159 Lucius III 1181 Urban III 1185 Gregory VIII 1187 Clement III 1187 Celestine III 1191 Innocent III 1198 Honorius III 1216 Gregory IX 1227 Celestine IV 1241 (See vacant 1 yr. and 7 mos.) Innocent IV 1243 Alexander IV 1254 Urban IV 1261 Clement IV 1265 (See vacant 2 yrs. and 9 mos.) Gregory X.... 1271 Innocent V 1276 Adrian V 1276 John XXI 1276 Nicholas III 1277 Martin IV 1281 Honorius IV 1285 Nicholas IV 1288 (See vacant 2 yrs. and 3 mos.) St. Celestine V 1294 Boniface VIII 1294 Benedict XI 1808 Clement V. (seat of the papacy removed to Avignon) 1305 (See vacant 2 yrs. and 3 mos.) John XXII 1316 Benedict XII. Nicho- las V. at Rome 1834 Clement VI 1342 Innocent VI 1352 Urban V 1862 Gregory XI. (throne re- stored to Eome) 1370 Urban VI. Clement VII. 1378 Boniface IX. Benedict XIII. at Avignon. . . 1889 Innocent VII 1404 Gregory XII 1406 Alexander V 1409 John XXIII 1410 Martin V. Clement VIII. 1417 Eugenius IN. Felix V. 1481 Nicholas V 1447 Calixtus III 1455 Pius II.... .. 1458 Paul II 1464 SixtusIV 1471 Innocent VIII 1484 Alexander VI 1492 Pius III 1503 Julius II 1503 LeoX 1518 Adrian VI 1522 Clement VII 1528 Paul III. .. ..1584 Julius III 1550 Marcellus II 1555 Paul IV 1555 Pius IV 1559 St. Pius V 1566 Gregory XIII 1572 SixtusV 1585 Urban VII 1590 Gregory XIV 1590 Innocent IX 1591 Clement VIII 1592 Leo XI 1605 PaulV 1605 Gregory XV 1621 Urban VIII 1628 Innocent X 1644 Alexander VII 1655 Clement IX 1667 Clement X 1670 Innocent XI 1676 Alexander VIII 1689 Innocent XII 1691 Clement XI 1700 Innocent XIII 1721 Benedict XIII 1724 Clement XII 1780 Benedict XIV 1740 Clement XIII 1758 Clement XIV 1769 Pius VI 1775 Pius VII 1800 Leo XII 1823 Pius VIII 1829 Gregory XVI 1881 Pius IX 1846 POPE, Alexander, an English poet, born in London, May 22, 1688, died at Twickenham, Middlesex, May 30, 1744. His father was a Roman Catholic, who, having acquired a small fortune as a linen merchant, retired to Bin- field in Windsor forest. Alexander inherited a crooked body and a sickly constitution. Hav- ing taught himself to write by copying out of printed books, he learned a little Greek and Latin from a priest, and was then sent to
