264 REICHENBERG had been made in that department. He applied the term od to the new force, the existence of which he believed he had established, and published Physikalisch-physiologische Unter- suchungen fiber die Dynamide des Magnetis- mus, &c. (2ded., 3 vols., Brunswick, 1849-'50; translated into English) ; Odisch-magnetische Brief e (Stuttgart, 1852 and 1856; French translation, Paris, 1854; translated into Eng- lish by Drs. Ashburner and Gregory) ; Der sensitive Mensch und sein Verhalten zum Od (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1854) ; and Wer ist sensi- tiv, wer nicht? (Brunswick, 1856). REICIIEVBERG, a town of Bohemia, on the Neisse, 55 m. N. N. E. of Prague; pop. in 1870, 22,394. Next to Prague and Pilsen it is the most populous city of Bohemia, and it is one of the most flourishing centres of Austri- an industry. It has a castle, several industrial and other schools, and a new theatre. The principal manufactures are woollen, cotton, and linen stuffs and yarn. REICHSTADT, Duke of. See BONAPARTE, vol. iii., p. 48. REID, Mayne, a British novelist, born in the north of Ireland in 1818. Ho is the son of a Presbyterian minister, and was educated for the church, but, being fonder of adventure than of theology, set out in 1838 for America. Arriving at New Orleans, ho engaged in tra- ding and hunting excursions up the Red and Missouri rivers, and travelled through nearly every state of the Union. Subsequently he settled in Philadelphia, joined the army in the Mexican war, and was wounded in the assault upon Chapultepec. In 1849 he set out to fight for the Hungarians during their struggle with Austria ; but by the time he reached Paris the revolution had been suppressed. He has since resided chiefly in London, and has written a series of very popular books for boys. Among his works are: "The Rifle Rangers" (1849), "The Scalp Hunters" (1850), "The Quad- roon" (1856), "Osceola" (1858), "Ran Away to Sea" (1861), "The Maroon" (1862), "The Cliff Climbers" (1864), "Afloat in the Forest" (1866), "Quadrupeds" (1867), "The Child Wife" (1868), "The Castaways" (1870), and " The Finger of Fate." In 1869 he established in New York a short-lived monthly magazine entitled " Onward." REID, Thomas, a Scottish metaphysician, born at Strachan, Kincardineshire, April 26, 1710, died in Glasgow, Oct. 7, 1796. He graduated at Marischal college, Aberdeen, in 1726, was librarian of the college till 1736, and in 1737 was presented to the neighboring living of New Machar. In 1748 he published a paper in the London " Philosophical Transactions," in which he opposed the introduction of mathematical formulas into metaphysical and moral specula- tions. He was elected in 1752 professor of philosophy in King's college, his department comprehending logic, ethics, mathematics, and physics. His " Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense " (London, REIL 1763) aimed at the refutation of HumVs skep- tical theory. He introduced the doctrine of an original instinct or common sense as the ground of belief. In 1764 he was transferred to the university of Glasgow as professor of moral philosophy, and retired in 1781. In 1785 he published his "Essays on the Intel- lectual Powers of Man," consisting of his acad- emical lectures (new edition by the Rev. James Walker, D. D., Cambridge, Mass., 1850), and in 1788 his "Essays on the Active Powers of Man." In 1863 a complete edition of his works, with preface, notes, and supplementary dissertations by Sir William Hamilton, and a memoir by Dugald Stewart, was published in Edinburgh (2 vols. 8vo). REID, Sir William, a British meteorologist, born at Kinglassie, Fifeshire, in 1791, died in London, Oct. 3*1, 1858. He entered the army as lieutenant of royal engineers in 1809, served under the duke of Wellington in the Peninsula, was in America in the war of 1812, and again served under the duke in Belgium in 1815, being present at the battle of Waterloo. In 1816 he took part, with the rank of captain, in the attack on Algiers. He subsequently be- came adjutant of the corps of sappers and miners, and in 1839 was elected a fellow of the royal society. He was appointed governor of Bermuda in 1838, and by his tact and skill greatly improved the agriculture of the island, its products being introduced through his efforts into the New York market. He was appointed governor of the Windward islands in 1846, and in 1848 returned to England, and was appointed commanding engineer at Woolwich. During the great exhibition of 1851 he was actively engaged in the promotion of its objects, and succeeded Robert Stephenson as chairman of the executive committee. In the same year he was appointed governor of Malta, and was knighted. He held that post through the Cri- mean war, was made a major general in 1856, and returned to England in 1858. Having been detailed to superintend the repairs of the injury done by a severe hurricane in Barba- does in 1831, he devoted much time to the study of meteorology. He published " An At- tempt to develop the Law of Storms by means of Facts, arranged according to Place and Time" (1838), and "The Progress of the De- velopment of the Law of Storms," &c. (1849). REIGATE, a market town of Surrey, Eng- land, 21 m. S. by W. of London, on the Lon- don and Brighton and Southeast railways; pop. in 1871, 15,916. It has a church containing several costly monuments, a grammar school, and the remains of a castle, with a cave where the barons are said to have met to arrange the articles of Magna Charta. It car- ries on a brisk trade in fuller's earth and fine sand used in the manufacture of glass. REIL, Joliann Christian, a German anatomist, born in East Friesland, Feb. 28, 1759, died in Berlin, Nov. 22, 1813. He studied at the uni- versities of Gottingen and Halle, taking hia
