RIGDON RIMINI 335 steamers. There are in Riga and vicinity near- ly 100 manufactories of woollen, cotton, and other goods, and many ships are built. The city was founded in 1201 by the Livonian bish- op Albert von Apeldern, who here established the order of knights sword-bearers, which in 1237 united with that of the Teutonic knights, and the latter for a considerable time wielded supreme authority together with the see of Riga, which was early raised to the dig- nity of an archbishopric. The city, however, paid but limited obedience to its rulers, having grown prosperous and become a member of the Hanseatic league. The last of the arch- bishops, the margrave William of Branden- burg, favored the reformation, which had been introduced under his predecessor (about 1530). The city was subsequently a protectorate of Poland, excepting from 1561 to 1581, when it was free. In 1621 it was conquered by the Swedes, and in 1710 by Russia, but without losing any of its ancient privileges. RIGDON, Sidney. See MOEMONS, vol. xi., p. 833. RIGG, James II,, an English clergyman, born in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1821. He entered the "Wesleyan ministry in 1845, and soon ex- erted great influence. In 1852 he published a series of papers entitled " Wesleyan Con- nectionalism and Congregational Independency Contrasted," and was appointed editor of the " London Quarterly Review," the Wesleyan organ; some of his contributions to which were collected under the title " Modern Angli- can Theology " (8vo, 1857). Since 1868 he has been principal of the Wesleyan normal college at Westminster, and since 1870 a member of the London school board. He was a delegate to the conference of the evangelical alliance in New York in 1873, and has received the de- gree of D. D. from Dickinson college, Pa. His principal works are: "The Sabbath and the Sabbath Law, before and after Christ ;" " The Relations of Wesley and Wesleyan Methodism to the Church of England ;" " Wesley's Char- acter and Opinions in Early Life ;" " John Wesley in Mature and Later Life;" "Essays for the Times" (8vo, 1866); and "National Education in its Social Conditions and As- pects, and Public Elementary School Educa- tion, English and Foreign " (8vo, 1873). RIGHINI, Vineenzo, an Italian composer, born in Bologna, Jan. 22, 1756, died there, Aug. 19, 1812. He studied counterpoint under Marti- ni, and commenced as a singer at Parma ; but his reputation as a composer soon surpassed that as a vocalist, and after three years at Prague he entered the service of Joseph II. at Vienna, remaining eight years. He was after- ward successively chapelmaster to the elector of Mentz, and director of music at the royal theatre in Berlin. He composed 20 operas, mostly on classical subjects, and one entitled Don Giovanni, ossia il convitato di pietra, having a libretto similar to that afterward used by Mozart. He also wrote many arias and 706 VOL. xiv. 22 cantatas, a mease solennelle, and some instru- mental works. His operas have fallen into disuse, but many of their arias are still sung. RIGI, or Righl, an isolated mountain of Switz- erland, in the canton' of Schwytz, between the lakes of Zug and Lucerne. The highest point, the Rigi Kulm, is 5,902 ft. above the sea, or about 4,500 ft. above the lake of Lucerne. The view from this summit is one of the most ex- tensive in the Alps, embracing most of E. and N. Switzerland and the Jura mountains, and extending far into Swabia. There are numer- ous hotels and sanitariums on the mountain, which attract as many as 40,000 visitors annu- ally. The summit is accessible by roads from various points at the base. In 1873 a railway on the plan of the one at Mt. Washington, N. H., was completed to the Rigi Kulm. It starts from Vitznau, on Lake Lucerne, on the S. side of the mountain, and its grades range from 7 to about 30 in 100. It I LEY, a N. E. county of Kansas, bounded E. by the Big Blue river, and S. and S. W. by the Kansas and Republican rivers ; area, 654 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 5,105. The Kansas Pa- cific railroad passes along the S. border. The surface is diversified and the soil fertile. Lime- stone and sandstone are found. The chief productions in 1870 were 78,166 bushels of wheat, 405,277 of Indian corn, 57,730 of oats, 43,086 of potatoes, 111,590 Ibs. of butter, and 15,740 tons of hay. There were 2,299 horses, 2,192 milch cows, 4,458 other cattle, 2,190 sheep, and 1,758 swine ; 1 flour mill, 3 saw mills, 2 breweries, 3 manufactories of saddlery and harness, and 3 of tin, copper, and sheet- iron ware. Capital, Manhattan. RILKY, Charles Valentine, an American ento- mologist, born in London, England, Sept. 18, 1843. At 17 he came to America, and after farming for three years was for nearly five years editor of the entomological department of the " Prairie Farmer " at Chicago. In 1868 he was made state entomologist of Missouri, and has since then made annual reports on its insects. In the same year he began with Ben- jamin D. Walsh, state entomologist of Illinois, the " American Entomologist," a monthly mag- azine. Among the more noteworthy results of his labors are the tracing of the history of the Colorado potato beetle (1863) ; the dis- covery of a 13-year brood of the 17-year or periodical cicada (1868) ; the discovery of the grape phylloxera in American vines, and of its identity with the destructive insect of southern France (see PHYLLOXERA); the recommenda- tion to use diluted Paris green against the Col- orado potato beetle (1871) and the cotton worm (1873) ; and the discovery of the yucca moth (pronuba yuccasclla), by which the North Ame- rican yuccas are fertilized. In 1873 he was pre- sented with a grand gold medal by the French minister of agriculture and commerce " for ser- vices rendered to French grape culture." RIMINI (anc. Ariminum), a town of central Italy, at the mouth of the Marecchia in the
