346 RIPLEY RIPON A question which has been much discussed nnd variously regulated by different nations is that relating to the public right to a foot or tow path along the banks of navigable rivers, and the use of the banks for the assistance or con- venience of navigation. The civil law allowed such a right, and held that all persons had the same right to bring their vessels to land and fasten ropes to the banks of the river that they had to navigate the river itself. The same doctrine is held in Louisiana, where it has been decided that, though the banks of naviga- ble rivers are the property of those who own the adjoining lands, yet they are so far subject to the public use, that vessels may make fast to the shore and to the trees upon it, and may unload and deposit their goods there. The rule in Illinois, Tennessee, and Missouri seems to be substantially the same. In New York, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Mississippi, Indiana, and perhaps some other states, it has been adjudged that the public have no such right as against the will of the owner. The common law, according to Bracton, was an- ciently the same as the civil law, but the point remained unsettled till 1789, when it was de- cided that there was not any right at common law for the public to tow on the banks of navi- gable rivers. Another unsettled question in the United States is that respecting the right of ferriage which attaches to riparian owner- ship. This matter is generally regulated by statute, and the state, by virtue of the law of eminent domain, claims the rjght to establish ferries wherever the legislature may consider them necessary for the public accommodation, regardless of the ownership of the soil, except as giving a claim for just compensation. But the statutes usually authorize the grant of the franchise by way of preference to the owners of the land on each side of the river where the ferry is established. It has been held that the riparian owner has not, as a matter of right, the privilege of keeping a ferry, and that it can only arise from a grant, actual or implied. This was probably the rule of the common law. But, in the United States, we should say that it is the prevailing rule that the right to a ferry attaches to the riparian proprietor ; that it cannot be taken from him without compen- sation ; that he may convey the soil excepting the right of ferriage, which then becomes an incorporeal hereditament, and may be granted in the same way as a rent ; and the grantee will have a right to use the adjoining soil so far as may be necessary for ferry ways, but not otherwise. RIPLEY. I. A S. E. county of Indiana, in- tersected by L'anghery creek ; area, about 450 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 20,977. It has a generally level surface, and the soil is fertile. It is trav- ersed by the Ohio and Mississippi and the In- diana, Cincinnati, and Lafayette railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 204,995 bush- els of wheat, 441,645 of Indian corn, 131,771 of oats, 84,189 of potatoes, 19,504 tons of hay, 5,104 Ibs. of tobacco, 48,912 of wool, 880,911 of butter, 22,511 of hops, and 46,713 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 6,439 horses, 6,127 milch cows, 7,860 other cattle, 18,358 sheep, and 18,554 swine ; 4 manufactories of brick, 16 of carriages and wagons, 8 of saddle- ry and harness, 8 tanneries, 10 flour mills, and 21 saw mills. Capital, Versailles. II. A S. E. county of Missouri, bordering on Arkansas, in- tersected by Current river, and drained by nu- merous creeks ; area, about 600 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 8,175, of whom 10 were colored. It has a rough and hilly surface and a soil fertile near the streams. The chief productions in 1870 were 17,725 bushels of wheat, 142,485 of Indian corn, 14,214 of oats, 4,105 Ibs. of wool, and 41,961 of butter. There were 1,068 horses, 937 milch cows, 2,357 other cattle, 2,989 sheep, and 10,470 swine. Capital, Doniphan. RIPLEY, Henry Jones, an American i clergy- man, born in Boston, Mass., June 28, 1798, died at Newton Centre, May 21, 1875. He graduated at Harvard college' in 1816, studied theology at Andover, was ordained in Boston in 1819, and became pastor of the North New- port Baptist church, in Liberty co., Ga. In 1826 he was appointed professor of Biblical literature and pastoral duties in the Newton theological institution, Mass. ; in 1833, when the duties of the professorship were divided, he became professor of Biblical literature and interpretation, and afterward of sacred rheto- ric and pastoral duties. He resigned in 1860. He published " Memoir of Rev. Thomas S. Winn" (Boston, 1824); "An Examination of Prof. Stuart's Essay on the Mode of Baptism " (1838) ; " Notes on the Four Gospels" (2 vols., 1837-'8) ; " Notes on the Acts of the Apostles " (1844) ; " Sacred Rhetoric, or Composition and Delivery of Sermons" (1849); "Notes on the Epistle to the Romans" (1857); "Exclusive- ness of the Baptists" (1857); "Church Pol- ity " (1867) ; and " Notes on Hebrews " (1868). RIPLEY, Roswell Sablne, an American soldier, born in Ohio about 1823. He graduated at the military academy at West Point in 1843, and was appointed brevet second lieutenant in the artillery. He served during the war with Mex- ico, and was brevetted as captain and major for gallant conduct at Cerro Gordo and Chapulte- pec. He subsequently served in Florida, and in 1858 resigned his commission in the army, taking up his residence at Charleston. On the breaking out of the civil war he entered the confederate service, rose to the rank of briga- dier general, and was wounded at Antietam. He published a " History of the War with Mexico " (2 vols. 8vo, New York, 1849). RIPON, George Frederiek Samuel Robinson, earl de Grey and marquis of, an English states- man, born in London, Oct. 24, 1827. He was a member of parliament from 1852 to 1859, and became prominent as a liberal under the name of Viscount Goderich. On the death of his father, the first earl of Ripon, Jan. 28, 1859, he took his seat in the house of lords,
