362 ROBINSON ROCHAMBEAU 1815. He graduated at Brown university in 1838, at Newton theological institution in 1842, and was ordained and settled as pastor of a Baptist church in Norfolk, Va., in November, 1842. In 1846 he accepted the professorship of Hebrew in the theological seminary at Cov- ington, Ky., but lost it in 1848 when during the anti-slavery troubles the legislature changed the charter. In 1853 he became a professor in the Rochester theological seminary, of which he was subsequently made president. In 1872 he became president of Brown university, which office he still holds (1875). He edited the " Christian Review," quarterly, from 1859 till 1864, when it was merged in the "Bib- liotheca Sacra." He has published a transla- tion of the fourth edition of Neander's church history (8vo, New Ycwk, 1865), and "The Re- lation of the Church and the Bible" (1866). He is noted as a powerful and popular preach- er and an effective political orator. KOBINS<>, John, an English clergyman, born in 1575, died in Leyden, March 1, 1625. He was educated at Cambridge, and held for a time a benefice near Yarmouth in Norfolk, but in 1602 became pastor of a dissenting con- gregation at Norwich. In 1607 its members, on account of persecution, attempted to leave England for Holland, but were prevented by the civil officers, who kept the whole company under arrest for a month. In 1608, however, they went to Amsterdam, and in 1609 removed to Leyden. Hero they remained 11 years, and their numbers were largely increased by arri- vals from England. In 1613 Robinson had a controversy on free will with Episcopius, pro- fessor in the university of Leyden. In 1617 another removal was contemplated, and the pastor favored the plan of forming a settle- ment in America. A minority of the congre- gation, under the lead of Brewster, the ruling elder, set out in 1620 in two ships, the Speed- well and the Mayflower. It was the intention of Robinson to follow with the rest of the congregation, but he died before the consent of the association of English merchants who controlled the enterprise could be obtained. The remainder of his church emigrated not long after his death, and his sous John and Isaac followed in 1629 or 1630. He was an acute controversialist, and highly versed in classical learning. He published " A Justifica- tion of Separation from the Church of Eng- land" (1610); "Of Religions Communion" (1614); Apologia Justa et Necessaria (1619), which in 1644 was translated into English; " A Defence of the Doctrine propounded by the Synod of Dort" (1624); " Essays or Ob- servations, Divine and Moral" (1628); and "A Treatise of the Lawfulness of Learning of the Ministers in the Church of England" (1634). His complete works, with a memoir by Robert Ashton (3 vols.), were published in London and at Boston in 1851. ROBISOX, John, a Scottish writer on natural philosophy, born at Boghall, Stirlingshire, in 1739, died in Edinburgh, Jan. 30, 1805. He graduated in 1756 at the university of Glas- gow, and in 1758 went to London, became private tutor to the son of Admiral Knowles, and entered as midshipman on board the Royal William, his pupil being lieutenant, under whom he served two and a half years. He was then sent to Jamaica to test Harrison's chronometer. In April, 1763, he resumed his studies at the university of Glasgow, and in 1766 succeeded Dr. Black as lecturer in chem- istry. In 1770 he went to St. Petersburg as secretary to Admiral Knowles, who had been invited thither to suggest reforms in the Rus- sian navy, and in 1772 he was made inspector general of the corps of marine cadets at Cron- stadt. From 1774 till his death he was pro* fessor of natural philosophy in the university of Edinburgh. His works, including his con- tributions to the "Encyclopaedia Britannica," were published under the title " A System of Mechanical Philosophy," with notes by David Brewster (4 vols. 8vo, London, 1822) ; besides which he was the author of numerous scien- tific papers, and of " Proofs of a Conspiracy against all the Religions and Governments of Europe " (8vo, Edinburgh, 1797). ROB ROY (literally, Robert the Red), a Scot- tish outlaw, born about 1660, died about 1738. His true name was Robert Macgregor, which, after the outlawry of the clan Macgregor by the Scottish parliament in 1693, he changed for that of his mother, Campbell. Previous to the rebellion of 1715 he was a dealer in cattle ; but having joined the pretender, he gave his enemy, the duke of Montrose, an excuse for seizing his lands. He retaliated by a war of reprisals upon the duke. For many years he continned to levy blackmail upon his enemies in spite of the presence of a British garrison near his residence at Aberfoyle. His name and exploits have survived chiefly through Scott's novel, "Rob Roy." ROCHiMBEAU. I. Jean Baptist? Donatlen Yimcar, count de, a French soldier, born in Vendome, July 1, 1725, died at Thor6, near that city, May 10, 1807. He entered the army in 1742, and distinguished himself in various campaigns, reaching the rank of lieutenant general. In 1780 he was placed in command of the French army sent to America, and in 1781 he actively cooperated with Washington in the movements which led to the capitula- tion of Cornwallis at Yorktown. Congress presented him with two pieces of cannon cap- tured from the English, and on his return to France in 1783 he was made governor of Pi- cardy and Artois, and in 1791 marshal. In 1792 he commanded the army of the north, but soon resigned. During the reign of ter- ror he was imprisoned, and only escaped the guillotine by the death of Robespierre. Bo- naparte named him grand officer of the new- ly created legion of honor and pensioned him. He left Memoires, which were edited by Luce de Lancival (2 vols., 1809 ; translated into Eng- VII Tie gh de
