448 ROTTERDAM ROUEN Stuttgart, 1830-'34; 7th ed., 6 vols., 1860-'61) hare appeared, including one of the latter by T. Jones (4 vols., Philadelphia, 1840, reprinted in London). Conjointly with Welcker, Rot- teck began to publish the Staattlexikon (12 vols., Altona, 1834-'44 ; 8d ed., 14 vols., Leip- sic, 1856-'66). ROTTERDAM, a city of the Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, on the Maas, 18 m. from the sea and 86 m. S. W. of Amsterdam ; pop. in 1870, 116,232; in 1873 (estimated), 125,893. It is remarkable for its canals, the most recent being the Nieuwe Singel. The finest quay (Boompjes) is lined with trees and many new buildings and piers. On the Groote Markt (great square) is a bronze statue of Erasmus. There are about 15 places of wor- ship, the largest being the groote kerk or great church of St. Lawrence. Rotterdam has a famous Latin school, a school of navigation, an industrial school, and a number of other lit- erary and charitable institutions. The most notable public buildings are the exchange, the museum, and the zoological garden, one of the best in Europe. The finest promenade is the New park. The annual fair begins on the sec- ond Monday in August and lasts a week, during which the city presents a scene of uproar and revelry. Rotterdam was formerly a favorite re- sort of English tourists and adventurers. The improved navigation of the Rhine and traffic by railway and steamers have greatly increased its trade, and there are new docks and other improvements, including new water works completed in 1872. A ship canal has recently been constructed from Rotterdam to Maassluis, through which nearly 900 vessels passed be- tween March and December, 1872. The Moer- dyk railway bridge, finished in 1871, one of the longest in Europe, carries the railway to Fyen- oord, opposite Rotterdam, where are exten- sive ship yards and new docks and warehouses. The total number of vessels entering the port in 1872 was 3,710, tonnage 1,433,895, including 2,406 steamers, tonnage 1,105,427. The ex- ports from Rotterdam to the United States in that year were valued at $1,104,033. Large quantities of refined petroleum are imported, and the imports of cotton in 1871 amounted to 115,595 bales. A direct steamship line from Rotterdam to New York was established in October, 1872. There are cotton factories, sugar refineries, brandy distilleries, and other manufactories. Rotterdam received a town charter in 1272. A great fire occurred in 1563, and the town suffered considerably during the struggle with the Spaniards. In 1580 it had a vote in the states of Holland, and its prog- ress has been remarkable ever since, especially within the past 15 years. ROl'ARIE, Around Tiffin, marquis de la, a French soldier, born near Rennes in 1756, died near Lamballe, Jan. 30, 1793. He en- tered the army young, was dismissed from the king's guard in consequence of a duel, came to America, and received from congress a com- mission as colonel under the name of Charles Armand. He served under Gen. Gates against Cornwallis, having before done various sorts of duty in New Jersey, New York, and Con- necticut. In 1781 he visited France on busi- ness for the army, but returned in time to take part in the operations before Yorktown in October. In 1783 he received the rank of brigadier general, and in 1784 returned to France. In 1788 he was one of twelve depu- ties sent to Paris by Brittany to demand the preservation of the privileges of that province, and was imprisoned in the Bastile. With the approval of the king's brothers, he became in 1791 the head of a secret organization spread over Brittany, Anjou, and Poitou, to act in conjunction with the army of the allies. The design was betrayed, and Rouarie became a fugitive ; and for several months before his death he directed from his various retreats the preparations for revolt. It'oi IUI, a town of France, in the depart- ment of Le Nord, 6 m. N. E. of Lille; pop. in 1872, 75,987. The population in 1800 was only 8,700, and in 1834 18,187, the rapid in- crease being due to that of the manufactures of woollen, silk, and cotton goods, known as " Roubaix articles." Linen yarns, shawls, cloth, carpets, and other goods are also made, the annual value of all the manufactures ex- ceeding 150,000,000 francs. The Roubaix or La Marcq canal, 15 m. long, commences near Marquette and joins the Scheldt in Belgium. ROIBILIAC, l.iniis Franfols, a French sculptor, born in Lyons about 1695, died in London, Jan. 11, 1762. After completing his studies at the academy in Paris, he settled in England, where he was patronized by the Walpole fam- ily. His works include monuments of the duke of Argyll and Handel in Westminster abbey, a statue of Shakespeare for Garrick, who bequeathed it to the British museum, and one of Newton at Trinity college, Cambridge. ROUEN (anc. Rotomagut), a city of France, capital of the department of Seine-Inf6rieure, on the right bank of the Seine, 67 m. N. W. of Paris; pop. in 1872, 102,470. It stands on a gentle acclivity sloping toward the south, and is connected with its suburb St. Sever, on the opposite side of the river, by three bridges. Ramparts formerly extended round Rouen on the land side, and their site is now occupied by boulevards bordered with shade trees. The Place Royale is the principal square ; the oth- ers are all small ; that of La Pucelle contains a statue of the maid of Orleans. The cathedral of Notre Dame, constructed chiefly in the 13th and 16th centuries, is 434 ft. long and 103 ft. broad, with transepts 174 ft. in length, and the nave is 89 ft. high. The front is richly orna- mented, and has three fine portals flanked by lofty towers. The central tower at the inter- section of the nave and transept is surmounted by an iron spire nearly 470 ft. high. The dec- orations are very elaborate and profuse. The interior is lighted by 130 windows. It contains
