514 SACY SADO Black Hawk with the British band of Sacs be- gan war in 1832 to recover the ceded lands on Rock river, Keokuk, chief of the Kiscoquah band, a great warrior and negotiator, remained faithful. The united Sacs and Foxes numbered 8,000 in 1822, but were reduced in 1874 to 1,135, of whom 338 were in Iowa, 97 in the Great Nemaha agency, Nebraska, 200 in Kan- sas, and 500 in Indian territory. SACY. I. Antpine Isaac Sylvestre de, baron, a French orientalist, born in Paris, Sept. 21, 1758, died there, Feb. 21, 1838. After studying law, he devoted himself to oriental languages, and published in 1793 his Memoires ur diverges an- tiquites de la Perse^ He became in 1795 pro- fessor of Arabic A the oriental academy, in 1806 professor of Persian at the college de France, and in 1815 rector of the university of Paris. Many of the most distinguished orien- talists of the period were among his pupils. He was also politically active, espousing the side of the royalists. His principal works are : Chrestomnthie arabe (3 vols., 1806); Gram- maire arabe (2 vols., 1810); Nouveaux aper- fus sur Vhistoire de Fecriture ehez let Arabet (1827); Anthologie grammaticale arabe (1829); and Expose de la religion des Drutes (2 vols., 1838). He published annotated editions and translations of several oriental writers, a val- uable catalogue of his own library, and me- moirs on minor subjects of oriental literature, history, and numismatics. II. Samuel I'stazade Sylvestre de, a French author, son of the pre- ceding, born in Paris, Oct. 17, 1801. After practising law, he became a prominent writer in the Journal de Debate as an opponent of Charles X. (1828-'30), and as a supporter of Louis Philippe (1830-'48). After the coup d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851, he wrote chiefly on literary subjects. He was also keeper of the Mazarin library from 1836 to 1848, and sub- sequently its administrator. In 1854 he was elected to the academy, and in 1864 became a member of the council of education, and in 1867 of the senate. Among his works are Varietes litteraires, morales et historiques (2 vols., 1858; 2d ed., 1861), and editions of various authors, including Lettret de Madame de Sevigne (11 vols., 1861-'4). SAIMlirCKKS, the name of a Jewish sect, de- rived according to a Jewish tradition from Zadok, its reputed founder, in the 3d century B. 0. ; but Epiphanius derives it from the He- brew word teaddik (just), and says that the followers of the sect assumed this name. The Sadducees appear in history for the first time under the Maccabroan Jonathan, about 144 B. 0. They acknowledged only the written law, rejecting the obligatory character of all tra- ditions, and, according to Josephus, held that the soul dies with the body, denied providen- tial interference, and made all human actions, with their good and evil results, solely depen- dent on the free will of men. In comparison with their opponents both in the religious and the political sphere, the more austere and pop- ular Pharisees (see PHARISEES), the sect was never numerous, but it was highly influential, as it mostly recruited itself from the educated and wealthy classes, and for a long time held the high-priestly ofh'ce in its control. Toward the close of the existence of the Jewish state the Sadducees were excluded from Judaism, and gradually disappeared; but some of their principles were revived by the sect of Caraites. See Grossmann, De Philosophia Sadducceo- rum (Leipsic, 1836), and Wellhausen, Die Pha- risder und die Sadducder (Greifswald, 1874). SADI. See SAADI. SADLER, Sir Ralph, an English statesman, born in Hackney, Middlesex, in 1507, died at Standon, Hertfordshire, March 80, 1587. Henry VIII. employed him in the dissolution of the religious houses, and he shared in the spoils. Between 1537 and 1543 he was sent on several diplomatic journeys to Scotland. In 1547 he distinguished himself at the battle of Pinkie, and was knighted. The king named him in his will one of 12 councillors to the 16 nobles to whom the care of the kingdom was intrusted. On the accession of Mary he retired to his es- tate near Hackney. When Elizabeth came to the throne he was called into the privy coun- cil, and on the imprisonment of Mary queen of Scots in the castle of Tutbury, he was ap- pointed her keeper. After the execution of Mary ho was sent to Scotland to pacify King James. See his "State Papers and Letters," edited by Arthur Clifford, with a memoir and notes by Walter Scott (Edinburgh, 1809). SADLIER, Mary Anne (MADDEN), an American authoress, born at Cootehill, county Cavan, Ireland, Dec. 31, 1820. She began contribu- ting to a London magazine when scarcely 18. Having emigrated to Montreal, she published by subscription " Tales of the Olden Time." In 1846 she married James Sadlier, then of the firm of D. and J. Sadlier and co., Catholic pub- lishers of New York and Montreal, since de- ceased; she now (1875) resides in New York. She has written a great number of tales, among which are: "The Daughter of Tyrconnell " (1868) ; " Con O'Regan " (1864) ; " Heiress of Kilorgan " (1867) ; " MacCarthy More " (1868) ; and "Maureen Dim" (1870). She has also translated several religious works, tales, and dramas from the French. SADO, an island of Japan, a few miles "W. of the main island, between Ion. 138 and 140 E., intersected by the 88th parallel of N. lati- tude; length 40 m., general breadth about 8 m. ; pop. about 130,000, chiefly miners. The surface is mountainous, and the soil indiffer- ent. Sado is noted for its gold mines, discov- ered in the 17th century and continuously worked since then. The entire island is a mass of auriferous rock, though the deposits are not extremely rich. The mines, mostly in the E. part, furnish lead, silver, copper, and gold. The rude native processes have recently been superseded by foreign machinery supervised by American miners. The average annual yield
