524 SAINT SAINT ANTHONY'S FIRE name being the ancient Greek one. It was introduced into Great Britain about the middle of the 17th century, and is there a valuable crop on chalk lands, but on alluvial soil is in- Bainfoln (Onobryehis iativ). ferior to lucern ; it is cut and made into hay ; too close pasturing kills the roots. Occasion- al experiments have been made with it in this country, but as it requires three or four years to become thoroughly established, it is not suited to our agriculture. (See LCCKBN.) SAINT. See CANONIZATION. SAINT ALBANS, a town and the capital of Franklin co., Vermont, bordering on Lake Champlain, at the junction of several divisions of the Central Vermont railroad, 62 m. N. W. of Montpelier, 23 m. N. by E. of Burlington, and 14 m. S. of the Canada line; pop. in 1850, 1,814; in 1860, 3,637; in 1870, 7,014. The surrounding country abounds in fine scenery. The principal village is on an elevated plain 8 m. from the lake. In its centre is a neat park of four acres, around which are the county buildings, hotels, one of the school houses, and several churches. In the vicinity are quarries of calico stone and variegated marble, and a sulphur spring. There is a market every Tues- day, when the farmers from the adjacent coun- try assemble, and large quantities of dairy pro- ducts are sold. The quotations of butter and cheese at St. Albans affect the market through- out the eastern states. About 850,000 Ibs. of butter and 5,000 Ibs. of cheese, worth $110,000, are shipped annually, chiefly to Boston. The town contains the extensive car shops of the railroad company, a manufactory of carriages, several marble shops, iron and steel works, a rolling mill producing steel rails, and manufac- tories of mowers, stoves, and various kinds of castings. There are two national banks, a sa- vings bank and trust company, six hotels,graded and grammar schools occupying two buildings, two daily newspapers, one issuing a semi- weekly and the other a weekly edition, a nun- nery, and six churches. SAINT ALBANS, a town of Hertfordshire, Eng- land, 20 m. N. W. of London; pop. in 1871, 8,303. It is built on the summit and side of a hill, has little trade, and the principal manu- facture is straw plaiting and straw bonnet ma- king. The cathedral-like abbey church was part of a Benedictine monastery founded in 795, and St. Michael's church contains the re- mains of Lord Bacon. The town was disfran- chised for bribery in 1852. St. Albans was built in 950, and incorporated by Edward VI. in 1553. It is near the site of the Roman Verulamium (Verulam), ruins of whose walls are still visible. During the wars of the roses two battles were fought here : on May 22, 1455, when the duke of York gained the day and the duke of Somerset, who led the Lan- castrians, was killed; and on Feb. 17, 1461, when Queen Margaret, commanding the Lan- castrians, gained a victory over the Yorkists, led by the earl of Warwick, and rescued Henry VI. from captivity. SAINT ALBANS, Harriet Mellon, duchess of, born about 1775, died Aug. 6, 1837. She was a pop- ular comic actress, when she married Mr. Coutts, a wealthy London banker. She soon after be- came a widow and sole mistress of a colossal fortune. On June 16, 1827, she married the duke of St. Albans, and when she died left him an income of 10,000 per annum with a life interest in some landed estates ; but the great bulk of her vast property was left to Miss An- gela Georgina Burdett, daughter of Sir Francis Burdett and granddaughter of her first hus- band. (See BUBDKTT-COCTTS.) SAINT ANDREWS, a city and parish of Fife- shire, Scotland, on the North sea, between the mouths of the friths of Forth and Tay, 81 m. N. E. of Edinburgh ; pop. of the city in 1871, 6,316. It is the seat of the university of St. Andrews, founded in 1411, and comprising St. Leonard's and St. Salvator's colleges (now united) and St. Mary's divinity college. The library of the united colleges has about 100,000 volumes. The university is the oldest in Scot- land. The Madras school, the chief object of which is the gratuitous instruction of poor pupils, was founded by Dr. Andrew Bell. SAINT ANDREWS, a port of entry and the cap- ital of Charlotte co., New Brunswick, on a low narrow peninsula between Passamaquoddy bay and the mouth of the St. Croix river, at the 8. terminus of the New Brunswick and Canada railroad, 65 m. S. S. W. of Fredericton ; pop. in 1871, 2,961. The situation is convenient for commerce and the fisheries. The harbor is entered by two passes from the mouth of the St. Croix, and admits vessels of any size. The lumber trade and ship building are the chief industries. The value of imports for the year ending June 30, 1874, was $107,065; of ex- ports, $66,798. SAINT ANTHONY, Minn. See MINNEAPOLIS. SAINT ANTHONY'S FIRE. See ERYSIPELAS.
