620 SANTAREM SANTIAGO timber, and are intersected by fertile valleys. It has productive fisheries, iron, lead, and cop- per mines, and limestone, marble, gypsum, and potters clay. The trade is greatly hindered by the want of good roads. II. A city (anc. Portua Blendium), capital of the province, on the bay of Biscay, 215 m. N. of Madrid ; pop. about 35,000. The houses are narrow and poor in the old quarter, but handsomely built in the new. It is the seat of a bishop, and has a commercial school, a school of naviga- tion, an excellent institute for higher studies, and other literary and scientific institutions. There are a Gothic cathedral and an old con- vent, now an immense tobacco manufactory, tanneries, and sugar refineries. The harbor is of easy access, and has a lighthouse and excel- lent anchorage. There are regular steamship lines to Bayonne, Bilbao, Havana, Liverpool, London, and Hamburg. The city was sacked by Soult in 1808, was stormed by the Span- iards but retaken by the French in 1809, and evacuated by them in 1812. SANTAREM, a town of Portugal, in the prov- ince of Estremadura, on the right bank of the Tagus, 46 m. N. N. E. of Lisbon ; pop. about 8,000. It occupies the summit and two sides of a hill, and the houses are mostly in decay. It has two colleges and a seminary, and a large trade in grain, olive oil, and wine. Santarem was taken from the Moors by Alfonso I. in 1146; and it was the last stronghold of the Miguelites in 1833-'4. SANTA ROSA, a W. county of Florida, bor- dering on Alabama, watered by the Yellow and Blackwater rivers, and washed on the S. W. by Pensacola bay and Escambia river; area, 1,440 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 3,812, of whom 662 were colored. The surface is flat and the soil poor. Santa Rosa island is off the S. shore. The chief productions in 1870 were 6,872 bushels of Indian corn, 1,887 of sweet potatoes, 27,845 Ibs. of rice, and 1,828 gallons of molasses. There were 1,976 cattle and 1,291 swine. Capital, Milton. SAM KK, a river of South Carolina, formed by the Congaree and Wateree, which unite near the middle of the state, at the junction of Sumter, Richland, Orangeburg, and Claren- don counties, whence it flows S. E. into the Atlantic by two mouths in lat. 83 6' N. The main stream is about 150 m. long, and steam- boats ascend to Columbia on the Congaree, and Camden on the Wateree. Its lower part is skirted by rice swamps and pitch pine forests. SANTERRE, Antoine Josrph, a French revolu- tionist, born in Paris, March 16, 1752, died there, Feb. 6, 1809. He inherited from his father a large brewery in the faubourg St. An- toine. In 1789 he was an elector and a com- mander in the national guard, and took part in the attack on the Bastile, and subsequently in the disturbances on the Champ de Mars (1791), after which he fled to escape arrest. The amnesty granted after the king's adoption of the constitution enabled him to renew his agitation, and he led the populace to the Tui- leries on June 20, 1792, played a conspicuous part in the insurrection of Aug. 10, and be- came chief commander of the national guard of Paris, with the rank of general of divi- sion. In this capacity he escorted Louis XVI. to the Temple and to the guillotine, and or- dered the drums to beat to drown the king's voice, which gave him an unfounded reputa- tion for cruelty. Subsequently he commanded a division in Vendee, where he showed great incapacity, and was signally routed at Coron, near Chollet, Sept. 18, 1798. Returning to Paris in disgrace, he was imprisoned as an Or- leanist, but released after the fall of Robes- pierre. Owing to his influence with the mob, he was confirmed in his rank by Napoleon, but was not actively employed. He ended his life in comparative poverty. See Santerre, a vie publique et privee, by Carro (Paris, 1847). SANTIAGO. I. A central province of Chili, bordering on the Pacific and the Argentine Republic, and the provinces of Aconcagua, Colchagua, and Valparaiso ; area, 7,800 sq. m. ; pop. in 1872, 880,419. It is extremely moun- tainous, the Andes here including some of the most elevated peaks in America. The chief river is the Maypu. Silver and copper abound, and many mines are in operation. There are many mineral springs. In the lower regions the climate is mild and the soil extremely fer- tile, and agriculture is here in a higher state of perfection than elsewhere in South Amer- ica. Cattle rearing is an important industry, and jerked beef is exported. The culture of tobacco, for which the soil is well adapted, is prohibited, its importation being a government monopoly. The province is divided into the departments of Santiago, Melipilla, Rancagua, and Victoria ; the chief towns, besides the cap- ital, are Rancagua and Melipilla. II. A city, capital of the province and of Chili, on the Rio Mapocho, about 70 m. S. E. of Valparaiso ; lat. 33 27' S., Ion. 70 40' W. ; pop. given in 1865 at 115,377, but by Asta-Burruaga, in his Diccionario de Chile (1867), at 150,000. It lies between two cordilleras, about 1,800 ft. above the sea, 8 m. W. of the foot of the An- des. The streets are spacious and regular, well paved, and lighted with gas. The houses are of brick, with ornamented courtyards. The public squares and several of the avenues are profusely embellished with fountains and stat- ues. The river is crossed by handsome bridges. The cathedral, founded in 1750, on theW. side of the Plaza Mayor, is 351 ft. long by 92 ft. wide, with a superb frontispiece. On the same square are the post office and treasury (for- merly the casa de la audiencia), the city hall, criminal courts, the former residence of the presidents, now converted into a barrack, and the archiepiscopal palace, in the Moorish style. The mint is a beautiful edifice 460 ft. long by 350 ft. wide, a portion of which serves as the president's palace and for the offices of the ministry. The congress building was erected
