666 SCHAFFHAUSEN SCHELDT phia, 1837) ; " History of the Christian Church of the first three Centuries" (New York and Edinburgh, 1858); "The Moral Character of Chrisfc, or the Perfection of Christ's Humanity a Proof of His Divinity" (1860); "Christ in Song" (1868) ; "The Vatican Decrees" (1875); and reports of the sabbath committee, 1863-'!), and of the evangelical alliance, 1867-'73. He has now in press (1875) a "History of the Creeds of Christendom," in 3 vols. From 1848 to 1853 he edited the Kirchenfreund, a German- American monthly, and was for some time co-editor of the "Mercersburg Review;" and he is editor of the American edition of Lange's commentary, to be completed in 27 volumes, of which 18 have appeared (1875). SHAFFimsK.. I. A N. canton of Switzer- land, bounded S. by the Rhine and the can- tons of Zurich and Thurgau, and on all other sides by Baden; area, 116 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 37,721, chiefly Protestants, and all of German origin. The canton is traversed by low ramifications of the Jura range in the wider sense. The climate is healthy and tem- perate. Agriculture is the principal occupa- tion. The government is democratic. Schaff- hausen joined the Swiss confederation in 1501. II. A town, capital of the canton, on the slope of a hill, on the right bank of the Rhine, 45 m. N. by E. of Zurich; pop. in 1870, 10,303. It is walled and overlooked by an old castle. It has a college, a library, an arsenal, and manufactories of steel ware, railroad carriages, chemicals, and tobacco. About 3 m. below the town are the celebrated falls of the Rhine, from 60 to 75 ft. high. SCHAUFFLER, William Gottlieb, an American missionary, born at Stuttgart, Germany, Aug. 22, 1798. He resided in Russia from his Cth to his 27th year, when he went to Turkey as an independent missionary. Feeling the need of more education, he came to America, spent five years at Andover seminary, and in 1832 was sent back to Turkey by the American board of missions. He published in English, "Essay on the right Use of Property" (1832), and "Meditations on the Last Days of Christ" (1837; new eds., 1853 and 1858). He has trans- lated the Bible into Hebrew-Spanish and Turk- ish. Of the latter version the New Testament has been published, and the Pentateuch and Isaiah are in course of publication in Germany under the author's supervision (1875). He re- ceived the degree of D. D. from the university of Halle in 1867. SCHAIMBI RG-LIPPE, a principality of the Ger- man empire, embraced between the Prussian provinces of Hanover, Hesse-Nassau, and West- phalia; area, 171 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 82,059. j The surface toward the north is level, but be- j comes hilly in the south, and the soil is very fertile. There are only a few small streams, tributaries of the Weser. A large forest, the Schaumburger Wald^is in the west, and the Steinhuder Meer, a small lake, in the north. Coal and limestone are found. It has one vote in the federal council, and sends one deputy to the Reichstag. The local legislature or diet consists of one chamber with 15 members. The reigning prince is Adolphus (born Aug. 1, 1817), who assumed the reins of government in 1860. Capital, Buckeburg. SCHEELE, Karl illiclm, a Swedish chemist, born in Stralsund, Pomerania, Dec. 19, 1742, died at Koping, near Stockholm, May 21, 1786. In 1777 he was appointed by the medical acad- emy apothecary at Koping. With the excep- tion of Priestley, he probably discovered more new substances than any other chemist, inclu- ding tartaric acid, manganese, chlorine, barytes, the pigment called Scheele's green, and the col- oring principle of Prussian blue. (See CHEM- ISTRY, vol. iv., p. 362.) In his "Chemical Ob- servations and Experiments on Air and Fire " (Stockholm, 1777; translated into English by Kirwan), with no knowledge of the previous discovery of Priestley, he described oxygen under the name of "empyreal air." SCHEFFER. I. Ary, a French painter, born in Dort, Holland, in 1795, died at Argenteuil, near Paris, in June, 1858. At 12 years of age he painted a historical picture which attracted much attention in Amsterdam. Subsequently he studied in Paris under Baron Guerin. His most characteristic works are devoted to re- ligious subjects. These include his Christut Consolator, "Dead Christ," "Three Marys," " Christ weeping over Jerusalem," Mater Do- lorosa, and the "Temptation." Ilis several pictures of "Mignon," his "Francesca da Ri- mini," "Dante and Beatrice," and illustra- tions from " Faust," are widely known by en- gravings, lie painted a few portraits, inclu- ding those of Lafayette, Talleyrand, Beranger, Lamartine, and Charles Dickens. His life has been written by Mrs. Grote (London, 1860). In 1862 a monument was erected to him at Dort. II. Henri, brother of the preceding, born at the Hague, Sept. 27, 1798, died in Paris, March 15, 1862. He also was a pupil of Guerin, and among other celebrated pic- tures painted " Charlotte Corday protected against the Fury of the Populace by Members of the Convention," "The Battle of Cassel," "Joan of Arc at Orleans," and a large number of religious subjects and portraits. His daugh- ter married Renan. SCHELDT (Flem. Scheldt; Fr. Escaut; nnc. Scaldi), a river of France, Belgium, and Hol- land, having its source in a small lake near St. QuentSn in the French department of Aisne. It first flows N. by Cambrai to Conde, then N. W. to the frontiers of West Flanders, Bel- gium, then N. N. E. between that province and Hainaut into East Flanders, E. through the latter province after passing Ghent, then N., forming the boundary between Antwerp and East Flanders, and finally turns W. by N., and enters the North sea in the Dutch prov- ince of Zealand by two broad mouths called the Hond or West Scheldt (the main stream) and the East Scheldt, enclosing the islands of
