SCHWEINFURT SCIIWERIN 691 SCHWEEVFCRT, or Sehweinforth, a town of Ba- varia, in the district of Lower Franconia, on the Main, 23 m. N. N. E. of Wiirzburg ; pop. in 1871, 10,325, chiefly Protestants. It is en- closed by old walls, and has a Catholic and several Lutheran churches, a gymnasium, and manufactures of leather, linen, and woollen cloths. Schweinfurt was a free imperial city from 1130 to 1803. SCHWEINFURTH, Georg August, a German trav- eller, born in Riga, Sept. 29, 1836. He studied in Heidelberg, Munich, and Berlin, devoting himself especially to botany, and set out in 1864 on a journey through the valley of the Nile and the Egyptian coast lands on the Red sea, for the purpose of investigating the flora and fauna in those regions. He returned to Cairo in 1865, and made a second expedition up the Blue Nile as far as Khartoom. Reach- ing Europe again in July, 1866, he spent two years in Berlin in classifying and describing the botanical, zoological, and geological speci- mens collected in his travels. Going again to Khartoom in 1868, he explored the White Nile and the Gazelle, and penetrated inland to the west as far as Ion. 26 E., and to the south as far as Munza, about lat. 3 30' N., through the little known regions of the Shellooks, Dinkas, and Niam-Niam, and the kingdom of Monbut- too. These travels occupied three years, and after spending a season in Sicily, Malta, and Rome, he arrived in Germany in July, 1872. In 1875 the khedive made him president of an Egyptian geographical society, which is to issue a monthly journal. He has published Versuch einer Vegetationsskizze (Berlin, 1862) ; Plant qucedam Niloticcs (1862) ; Beitrag zur Flora Aethiopiem (1867); Reliquiae Kotschy- arce (1868); and Im Herzen von Afrilca (2 vols., Leipsic, 1874 ; English translation, "The Heart of Afri- ca," 1874). This work contains the first trust- worthy account of the pygmy race of Africa, the Akka. (See PYG- MY.) SCHU'EWT/, Lewis David Ton, an Ameri- can botanist, born in Bethlehem, Pa., Feb. 13, 1780, died there, Feb. 8, 1834. He was educated in Germany, and remained there till 1812, when he went as a Moravian minister to Salem, N. C., and in 1821 to his native town. He described nearly 1,400 new spe- cies of plants, of which more than 1,200 were of North American fungi, previously little studied. His works include Conspectus Fun- gorum Lutatice (Leipsic, 1805) ; Synopsis Fun- gorum Carolines Superioris, edited by Dr. Schwegrichen (1818); Specimen Flora Ame- ricas Septentrionalis Cryptogamicce (Raleigh, 1821); "Monograph of the Linneean Genus Viola" (published in Silliman's "Journal," 1821) ; " Catalogue of Plants collected in the N. W. Territory by Say" (Philadelphia, 1824); "Monograph upon the American Species of the Genus Carex" (New York, 1825); and Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali Me- dia Degentium (Philadelphia, 1832). SCHWENKFELD, Kaspar von, the founder of a religious sect, born in Ossig, Silesia, in 1490, died in Dim about 1561. He was a nobleman of ancient lineage, councillor to the duke of Liegnitz and an eager advocate of the refor- mation. He ditt'ered with Luther especially on the deification of the body of Christ ; and he was persecuted by both Roman Catholics and Protestants. His character was never im- pugned by any of his opponents, and his numer- ous writings (including Bekanndtnus und Re- chenschaft von den Hauptpunkten des christ- lichen (rlaubenfi, 1547, and nearly 100 trea- tises) are among the most valuable sources of the history of the reformation. His adhe- rents, called Schwenkfelders or Schwenkfeld- ians, lived mostly in Silesia. In 1734 a con- siderable number emigrated to Pennsylvania, where they settled principally in Montgom- ery, Berks, Bucks, and Lehigh counties. They still number there about 300 families and 800 members, and have five churches and school houses. See Ausfahrliche Geschichte Kaspar von Schwenkfeld' ', &c. (Lauban, 1861). SCIIWERIN, a town of Germany, capital of the grand duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, on the W. side of the lake of the same name, 18 m. S. of its seaport Wismar; pop. in 1871, 26,804. It consists of thje Altstadt and the
