SCRIBES within ten years (1821-'30) produced over 100 plays, many of which are still considered mas- terpieces of their kind, such as Le mariage enfantin, La loge du portier, La reine de seize ans, La marraine, and Le mariage de raison. In many of his plays he was assisted by sev- eral other dramatists, the chief of whom were Germain Delavigne, Melesville, Dupin, Var- ner, Carmouche, and Bayard. In 1822 he brought out at the Theatre Francais the drama of Valerie, the success of which was mainly due to the acting of Mile. Mars. He also produced there, among other plays, Une pas- sion secrete (1834) ; Le verre d'eau (1842) ; Adrienne Lecouvreur (with Legouv6, 1849) ; La bataille de dames (1851) ; Mon etoile (1853) ; and Les doigts de fee (with Legouve, 1858). He wrote the libretti of La dame blanche for Boi'eldieu; La neige, Ira Diavolo, Le domino noir, La sirene, Hay dee, La Cir- cansienne, La fiancee du roi de Garbe (pro- duced in 1864), and other operas, for Auber; La fee aux roses and Le Jmf errant, for Ha- levy; Les vepres siciliennes, for Verdi; Let martyrs and Don Sebastien, for Donizetti ; and Robert le Didble, Les Huguenots, Le prophete, L 1 etoile du Nord, and D Africaine (posthumous- ly produced in 1865), for Meyerbeer ; besides writing a great number of libretti for Masse, Adam, Clapisson, Boisselot, Balfe, Thomas, Offenbach, and other composers. He also wrote several novels, as Carlo BroscM, Une maitresse anonyme, and Piquillo Alliaga. In 1836 he was elected to the French academy. At an early stage of his career he had secured a competence by his literary labors ; his wealth increased afterward at a rapid rate, and he left a large fortune. As early as 1836 a catalogue of his works filled 36 columns of La France litteraire; now the whole number of his plays alone is estimated at more than 350. These have been printed separately, and in various dramatic collections. The first complete edi- tion of Scribe's works is now in course of publication in Paris (vols. xi. and xii., 1875), to be comprised in 50 volumes. SCRIBES (Heb. sopherim), a learned order among the ancient Hebrews. It was their duty to keep the official records of the kingdom, to make transcripts of the law, and to expound and teach it. In the time of David the name of a scribe is mentioned among the high offi- cers; and under his successors they consti- tuted a much esteemed and highly influential body, recognized and supported by the state. In the later times of the nation they recorded and expounded the oral traditions. In the New Testament they appear as a body of high officers, members of the sanhedrim. SCRIPTURES, Holy. See BIBLE. SCRIVEN, an E. county of Georgia, bordering on South Carolina, bounded E. by the Savan- nah river, and S. W. by the Ogeechee ; area, 540 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 9,175, of whom 4,888 were colored. The surface is level and the soil sandy. Pine timber is exported largely. It SCRIVENERS' PALSY T13 is traversed by the Central railroad of Georgia. The chief productions in 1870 were 153,242 bushels of Indian corn, 10,962 of peas and beans, 30,789 of sweet potatoes, 3,086 bales of cotton, and 12,552 gallons of molasses. There were 609 horses, 565 mules and asses, 8,067 milch cows, 6,049 other cattle, 3,225 sheep, and 9,416 swine. Capital, Sylvania. SCRIVENER, Frederick Henry, an English cler- gyman, born at Bermondsey, Surrey, Sept. 29, 1813. He graduated at Trinity college, Cam- bridge, in 1835, was appointed assistant master of the king's school, Sherborne, and in 1839 became curate of Sandford Orcas, Somerset. In 1846 he was appointed head master of Fal- mouth school, and since 1861 has been rector of Gerrans, Cornwall. In 1870 he was chosen one of the company of revisers of the author- ized version of the New Testament. His pub- lications include "A Supplement to the Au- thorized Version of the New Testament" (1845) ; " A Collation of about Twenty Manu- scripts of the Greek Testament deposited in England" (1853); "Contributions to the Criti- cism of the New Testament, being the Intro- duction to the Codex Augiensis and Fifty other Manuscripts" (1859); Novum Testa- mentum Grcecum, text of Stephens of 1550, with various readings of Beza, Tischendorf, Tregelles, &c. (1860 ; new ed., 1867); "Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament" (1861); "Full Collation of the Codex Sinaiticus with the Received Text of the New Testament, with Critical Introduc- tion" (1863); and "Bezse Codex Cantabri- giensis, 1581, edited with Prolegomena, Notes, and Facsimiles "(1864). SCRIVENERS' PAISY, or Writers' Cramp, a de- ranged condition of the motor nerves distrib- uted to the muscles of the fingers and thumb holding the pen. It often completely prevents writing, and, although not precisely paralysis, is equivalent to it. Thre appears to be a want of coordination of the muscular movements engaged in writing, and in this respect it lias some connection with locomotor ataxy. The constant employment of the same movements creates an irritation, which is often attended by pain and excites uncontrollable movements in the thumb and index finger, causing motions which make the writing illegible. A persistent attempt to write only increases the irritation and confusion, and the irregular contractions extend from the muscles of the fingers to those of the forearm and even the upper arm. The disease often attacks musicians, sempstresses, milkmaids, shoemakers, and nail smiths, and therefore it has also been known under the names cobblers' spasm and milkers' spasm. It is more frequent among men than among wo- men, and most common between the ages of 30 and 50. It chiefly attacks clerks, teachers, and professional penmen, and most frequently those who pay little regard to the mechanism of writing. Rest and a good diet, with tonics, particularly iron, form the most rational gen-
