66 PUDDLING PUEBLO INDIANS scribe his extensive travels in Europe and the East, and are remarkable for racy delineations both of aristocratic and semi-civilized life, are : Briefe eines Verstorbenen (4 vols., 1830-'31 ; English translation by Mrs. Sarah Austin, " The Travels of a German Prince in England," 3 vols., 1832); Andeutungen uber Landtchafts- gdrtnerei (1834); Tutti Frutti (5 vols., 1834; English translation by Edmund Spencer, 1834) ; Semilasso's torletzter Weltgang (3 vols., 1835) ; Semilasso in Afrika (5 vols., 1836); Sudo*t- licher Bildersaal (3 vols., 1840); Atu Mehemet Alfs Reich (8 vols., 1844); and Die Ruckkehr (3 vols., 1846-'8 ; English translation, " Mehe- met AH and Egypt," 3 vols., 1848). Ludmilla Assing has published Farst Puckler Mmkau, tein Leben tind Nachlass (4 vols., 1873-'4). IM DDLl.VU. See IBOX MANUFACTURE, vol. ix., p. 399. Pl'EBLA. I. A S. E. state of the republic of Mexico, bounded N. and E. by Vera Cruz, S. by Oajaca, S. W. by Guerrero, and W. by Mex- ico, Tlascala, and Hidalgo ; area, 9,598 sq. m. ; pop. in 1869, 697,788. It is intersected from N. W. to S. E. by the Cordillera of Aniihuac, from which flow many small streams, but there are no large rivers. The drainage belongs partly to the gulf of Mexico and partly to the Pacific. The general elevation of the surface is about 6,000 ft., and a large part of the soil is fertile. The most valuable mineral produc- tions are silver, marble, and alabaster. Abun- dant crops of grain, fruit, sugar, and cotton are produced ; and iron, steel, glass, soap, and earthenware are manufactured. Many re- markable remains of ancient Mexican civiliza- tion are found in this state. II. A city (Lx PITEBLA DE LOS ANGELES), capital of the state, 7,000 ft. above the sea, in lat. 19 5' N., Ion. 98 W., 76 m. E. S. E. of Mexico ; pop. in 1869, 75,500. The streets are laid out generally at right angles to each other, and are broad and well paved. There are many fine squares; fronting the Plaza Mayor are the cathedral, the governor's palace, and the exchange. Pue- bla is the sacred city of Mexico, and contains more than 60 churches, 13 nunneries, 9 monas- teries, 21 collegiate houses or higher theo- logical schools, and many academies, charity schools, hospitals, and other benevolent insti- tutions. Many of the churches and convents are rich in gold and silver ornaments, paint- ings, and statues, but some of them were in- jured by the French during the siege in 1868. The city is well supplied with water by a small stream on its E. side. The country around it is very fertile, it being easily irrigated by streams from the mountains. The climate is particularly mild and agreeable. Within sight of the city are the volcanic peaks of Popocate- petl, distant about 25 m. W. by S. ; IztaccihuatL, 80 m. W. N. W. ; Malinche, 20 m. N. E. ; and Orizaba, 60 m. E. Puebla is connected with the railway from Vera Cruz to Mexico by a branch road to Apizaco, 29 m. long, and a road is now building (1875) to connect it directly with Vera Cruz. Puebla was founded after the reduction of Mexico by the Spaniards, who built it six miles from Cholula, the sacred city of the Mexicans. It is noted for its protracted defence against the French under Gen. Forey in 1863, when it withstood a siege of two months. It was surrendered by Gen. Ortega on May 17, after the destruction of many of its buildings by bombardment, and the French made a triumphal entry on the 19th. PIEBLO, a S. E. county of Colorado, inter- sected by the Arkansas river; area, about 2,200 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 2,265. The tribu- taries of the Arkansas form fertile valleys, with intervening mesas or table lands, which afford excellent pasturage. The greater por- tion of the county is easily irrigated. The Denver and Rio Grande railroad traverses it. The chief productions in 1870 were 24,451 bushels of wheat, 99,390 of Indian corn, 89,- 822 of oats, 8,353 of peas and beans, 6,000 Ibs. of wool, 14,963 of butter, and 1,366 tons of hay. There were 555 horses, 4,269 milch cows, 6,162 other cattle, 2,166 sheep, and 2,066 swine. Capital, Pueblo. Pl'EBLO 1M)IAS a general name applied by the Spaniards, and subsequently by Ameri- cans, to several tribes of semi-civilized Indians found by the former early in the 16th centU' ry in what is now New Mexico, who lived in permanent villages (pueblos). Alvar Nunez (Cabeca do Vaca) passed through their country between 1529 and 1538 ; Friar Marco de Niza visited it in 1539, and Coronado in 1540. They were finally subdued by the Spaniards, who occupied the country in 1586. They were then as advanced as they now are, raising grain, vegetables, and cotton, which they spun and wove, and manufacturing pottery. Their houses are sometimes built of stone, laid in mortar made of mud, but more generally of sun-dried brick or adobe. These buildings are generally large, of several stories, and contain many families. In some of the pueblos the whole 'community, amounting to from 800 to 700 souls, are domiciled in one of these huge struc- tures. The houses are sometimes in the form of a hollow square ; at other times they are on the brow of a high bluff or mountain terrace, difficult of approach. The first or lower story is invariably without openings, entrance to the house being effected by ladders. Each upper story recedes a few feet from that , below it, leaving a terrace or walk around or along the whole extent of the structure, from which lad- ders lead to those above. The upper stories have doors and windows, but no stairways. In most instances a single family occupies one apartment, and as its number increases anoth- er apartment is added when there is sufficient space, or it is built above and reached by a ladder. This mode was practised by these In- dians three centuries ago. In every village there is at least one room large enough to con- tain several hundred persons, in winch they hold their councils and have their dances.
