PUGIN PULASKI 77 often as possible in this position. Each chan- cery has its counter movement, by which a man may sometimes extricate himself. The " upper cut " is generally used in close quar- ters. It consists in striking from below up- ward with the back of either hand, hitting the man under the chin or in the face, accord- ing to his position. Some boxers take a posi- tion occasionally with the right foot advanced, instead of the left; but this position is not considered good, and it is much more difficult, with the right foot advanced, to protect the body. See Egan, " Boxiana, a Sketch of An- cient and Modern Pugilism " (5 vols., London, 1818) ; Brandt, " Habet ! A Short Treatise on the Law of the Land as it affects Pugilism " (London, 1857) ; " Fistiana " (24th ed., London, 1863) ; Maclaren, " Training, in Theory and Practice" (London, 1866); Harrison, "Ath- letic Training and Health" (London, 1869); Flint, " Physiology of Man," vol. iii., p. 374 et seq. (New York, 1870) ; " The Slang Dic- tionary " (London, 1870) ; and " American Fistiana, from 1816 to 1873" (New York, 1874). " Bell's Life in London " contains ac- counts of the most important English prize fights, and Wilkes's "Spirit of the Times" (New York) of English and American fights. The "Spirit of the Times" for May 5, 1860, contains a full account of the fight between Heenan and Sayers. PCGIN. I. Augustas, an English architectural draughtsman of French extraction, born in Normandy in 1769, died in London, Dec. 19, 1832. He made many architectural drawings for engraving, but is best known by a series of elaborate works on the Gothic architecture of the middle ages. These comprise " Specimens of Gothic Architecture selected from various ancient Edifices in England," &c. (2 vols. fol. and 4to, with 114 plates, 1821-'3), the descrip- tions of which were written chiefly by E. J. Wilson; "Architectural Illustrations of the Buildings of London" (2 vols. 4to, 1824), and " Specimens of the Architectural Antiquities of Normandy," &c. (1825-'8), both published in conjunction with John Britton the anti- quary. He also prepared, with the assistance of his son, " Gothic Ornaments selected from various Buildings in England and France." II. Angnstin Welby ortlimoro, son of the pre- ceding, born in London, March 1, 1812, died at Ramsgate, Sept. 14, 1852. He designed or- namental Gothic furniture and metal work, and published " Designs for Gothic Furniture in the Style of the 15th Century " (1835), " De- signs for Iron and Brass Work in the Style of the 15th and 16th Centuries" (1835), "De- signs for Gold and Silversmiths' Work " (1836), and "Ancient Timber Houses" (1836), all of which had a material influence in promoting a revival of the taste for Gothic forms. He also published " Contrasts, or a Parallel betwen the Noble Edifices of the 14th and 15th Centuries and similar Buildings of the present Decay of Taste " (2d ed., 1841). Becoming a convert to the Roman Catholic faith, he devoted himself to the study of ecclesiastical Gothic architec- ture, and thereafter invariably declined to de- sign for Protestant places of worship, and sel- dom accepted commissions from Protestants. The chief exceptions to this rule were the gate- way to Magdalen college, Oxford, and the elab- orate mediaeval ornamentation of the new par- liament houses. He purchased an estate at Ramsgate, and erected a house, church, schools, &c., all of which were dedicated to St. Augus- tine. His chief publications besides those men- tioned are : " Examples of Gothic Architecture " (3 vols. 4to, 225 plates, 1838) ; " True Princi- ples of Pointed or Christian Architecture " (1841); "An Apology for the Revival of Christian Architecture" (1843); and "Glos- sary of Ecclesiastical Ornament " (1844). See " Recollections of A. W. N. Pugin, and his Father,- Augustus Pugin, with Notices of their Works," by Benjamin Ferrey, with an appen- dix by E. Sheridan Purcell (1861), and "Pho- tographs from 500 sketches by the younger Pugin" (2 vols., 1865). III. Edwin Welby, an English architect, son of the preceding, born March 11, 1834, died in London, June 7, 1875. He completed his father's unfinished works, and designed hundreds of churches and oth- er public buildings in England and Ireland. Among his works are the orphanages of Hel- lingly and Bletchingly, the Carmelite church at Kensington, and the cathedral at Queens- town, near Cork, in conjunction with Mr. AsTilin. In 1873 he was involved in a suit for libel with the painter Millais. PUJOL, Abel de. See ABEL DE PIJJOL. ITLASKI, the name of counties in seven of the United States. I. A S. W. county of Vir- ginia, bordered E. partly by New river, which, turning W., intersects it toward the south, Little river, a branch of New, completing the E. boundary ; area, about 300 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,538, of whom 1,809 were colored. It lies between two mountain ranges, Walker mountain on the northwest and the Blue Ridge on the southeast. The surface is broken and the soil generally fertile. The Atlantic, Mis- sissippi, and Ohio railroad passes through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 38,411 bushels of wheat, 96,690 of Indian corn, 27,- 301 of oats, 2,817 tons of hay, 18,580 Ibs. of tobacco, 9,605 of wool, and 53,100 of butter. There were 1,104 horses, 1,147 milch cows, 4,169 other cattle, 2,018 sheep, and 4,347 swine. Capital, Newbern. II. A central county of Georgia, intersected by the Ocmul- gee and Little Ocmulgee rivers, and drained by their branches ; area, about 650 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 11,940, of whom 5,948 were colored. It has a level surface toward the south and rolling toward the north. The Ma- con and Brunswick railroad and the Hawkins- ville branch intersect it. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 215,375 bushels of Indian corn, 13,646 of oats, 20,432 of sweet potatoes, 17,320 Ibs. of butter, 15,444 of wool, and 6,617
