SMITH 117 r>ast re S prominent; and in 1859 he gave pecuniary aid to Brown in preparing for the attack on Har- per's Ferry, though he probably had no pre- cise knowledge of his plans. The failure of that attempt, and grief and anxiety for the loss of life which it occasioned, temporarily overthrew his reason, and for some months he was an inmate of the insane asylum at Utica. During the civil war he strongly ad- vocated the cause of the Union and contrib- uted largely for the raising of troops. After its close, he joined with Horace Greeley in 1867 in signing the bail bond by which Jef- ferson Davis was liberated. Mr. Smith was of a strongly religious nature, and he was in the habit of preaching in a church built by himself. His originally orthodox views un- derwent great changes, but he is said to have finally returned to them. He printed and dis- tributed gratuitously many pamphlets, speech- es, and addresses, and published in book form " Speeches in Congress " (1855) ; " Sermons and Speeches" (1861); "The Religion of Rea- son" (1864) ; " Speeches and Letters " (1865) ; " The Theologies " (2d ed., 1866) ; " Nature the Base of a Free Theology " (1867) ; and " Cor- ondence with Albert Barnes " (1868). SMITH, Goldwin, an English author, born in Reading, Aug. 18, 1823. He was educated at Eton and Oxford, and was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, but never practised. In 1858 he became regius professor of modern history at Oxford. During the American civil war he was a warm friend of the federal government, and published " Does the Bible sanction Slave- ry?" (1863), "On the Morality of the Eman- cipation Proclamation" (1863), " Letter to a Whig Member of the Southern Independence Association" (1864), "England and America" (1865), and "The Civil War in America " (1866). In September, 1864, he visited the United States. In 1866 he resigned his chair at Oxford, with a view of taking up his residence in America. Coming to this country in 1868, he became professor of English history in Cornell univer- sity, and resided at Ithaca till 1871, when he exchanged his chair for that of a non-resident professor, and removed to Toronto. He has since been appointed a member of the senate of the university of Toronto, and from 1872 to 1874 was the editor of the " Canadian Month- ly." In 1874 he revisited England. He con- tributed to the "Anthologia Oxoniana," the "Oxford Essays," and the " Encyclopedia Britannica." His other publications are : "In- augural Lecture before the University of Ox- ford " (1859) ; "Lectures on Modern History," "Lectures on the Study of History," "Foun- dation of the American Colonies," " On some supposed Consequences of Historical Progress," and "Rational Religion" (1861); "Irish His- tory and Irish Character," and "On Church Endowments" (1862); "Empire, a Series of Letters" (1863); "Plea for Abolition of Tests in Oxford" (1864); "Three English States- men," sketches of Pym, Cromwell, and Pitt (1867) ; " Reorganization of the University of Oxford " (1868) ; and " Relations between America and England " (1869). SMITH, Henry Boynton, an American clergy- man, born in Portland, Me., Nov. 21, 1815. He graduated at Bowdoin college in 1834, was a tutor there in 1836-'7 and in 1840-'41, and studied theology at Andover and Bangor, and subsequently at Halle and Berlin. He was pastor of the Congregational church in West Amesbury, Mass., from 1842 to 1847, when he became professor of mental and moral philos- ophy in Amherst college. In 1850 he became professor of church history in the Union theo- logical seminary, New York, and in 1855 of systematic theology, which chair he resigned in 1873. He was elected in 1863 moderator of the New School general assembly of the Pres- byterian church, and at the opening of the next general assembly in Dayton, Ohio, in 1864, delivered a discourse which was pub- lished under the title " Christian Union and Ecclesiastical Reunion." He was subsequently a member of the general assembly's committee on reunion with the Old School general as- sembly, and presented a report on a doctrinal basis of union (" The Reunion of the Presby- terian Churches," 8vo, 1867). In 1867 he was a delegate to the evangelical alliance in Am- sterdam, where he read a "Report on the State of Religion in the United States." He was a founder of the "American Theological Review," and its editor from 1859 to 1862, when it was consolidated with the " Presbyte- rian Review," which he edited till 1871. His principal works are: "The Relations of Faith and Philosophy" (8vo, 1849); "The Nature and Worth of the Science of Church History " (1851); "The Problem of the Philosophy of History" (1853); "The Idea of Christian Theology as a System" (1857); "An Argu- ment for Christian Colleges " (1857) ; " His- tory of the Church of Christ, in Chronological Tables" (fol., 1859); a new edition of the Edinburgh translation of Gieseler's " Church History " (5 vols. 8vo, 1859-'63), of which vols. iv. and v. were chiefly translated by Prof. Smith ; a revised edition of the Edinburgh translation of Hagenbach's " History of Chris- tian Doctrine" (2 vols. 8vo, 1861-'2); with James Strong, a new edition of the Edinburgh translation of Stier's "Words of the Lord Jesus" (in parts, 1864 et seq.} ; and with R. D. Hitchcock, " The Life, Character, and Wri- tings of Edward Robinson " (1864). SMITH, James, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, born in Ireland about 1719, died in York, Pa., July 11, 1806. He came to America with his father's family in 1729, studied law in Lancaster, Pa., and after his admission to practice removed to the neigh- borhood of Shippensburg, and engaged in sur- veying. After a few years he removed to York, which became his permanent home, and entered upon the legal profession. In 1774 he was chosen a deputy to attend the provincial
