SPEKE SPENCER 257 s
- hematical and mechanical details, is treated
in various memoirs in the English scientific journals, from the time of Newton's paper in the "Philosophical Transactions" of 1672 to the present day. Lord Rosse's papers are con- tained in the "Edinburgh Journal," vol. ix., 1828, and vol. ii. (new series), 1829, and in the "Philosophical Transactions," 1840 and 1850. The mechanical details are fully described in HoltzapffeFs "Mechanical Manipulations." For Lassell's process, see " Transactions of the Royal Astronomical Society," 1849. SPEKE, John Banning, an English traveller, rn in Somersetshire, May 4, 1827, died near ith, Sept. 15, 1864. He served as a cap- tain in the British army in the Punjaub under Lord Gough (1849), and subsequently made scientific explorations in the Himalaya. In 1854 he set out with Burton for the Somauli country, where they were attacked and Speke was wounded. He next enlisted in the Turk- ish army in the Crimea shortly before the close of the war. He gained a wide celebrity by his joint expedition with Burton (1856) to Africa, and the discovery of Lake Tangan- yika. (See BURTON, RICHARD FRANCIS.) On July 30, 1858, he discovered alone the Victo- ria N'yanza i a k e , and in 1862 he explored its western and northern margin together with Capt. J. W. Grant. (See NILE, and N'YANZA.) " pt. Speke was killed by the accidental dis- arge of a gun while hunting. His principal ork is his "Journal of the Discovery of the urce of the Nile" (2 vols., London, 1863). SPEUIAN, Sir Henry, an English antiquary, born at Congham, near Lynn, Norfolkshire, in 1562, died in London in 1641. He was edu- cated at Cambridge, and devoted himself to historical and antiquarian studies. He served as sheriff of his county, and was knighted by James I. and appointed commissioner to deter- mine disputed claims to lands and manors in Ireland. In 1612 he settled in London. He wrote Glossarium Archaiologicum (A to L, 1626; completed from his manuscripts, 1664; best ed., 1687); Concilia, Decreta, Leges, Con- stitutiones, in Re Ecclesiastica Orbis Britan- nici (2 vols., 1639-'64) ; and Villare Anglica- ntm(1656). The Reliquiae Spelmannianm (fol., Oxford, 1698) is a collection of his papers re- lating to the laws and antiquities of England. SPENCE, Joseph, an English author, born at Kingsclerc, Hampshire, April 25, 1699, drowned at By fleet, Surrey, Aug. 20, 1768. He was educated at Oxford, entered holy orders, and was elected professor of poetry. He pub- lished in 1726 "An Essay on Pope's Odys- sey," and made a tour through France and Italy in 1730-'33. In 1731 he published a biography of Stephen Duck, afterward prefixed to an edition of Duck's poems, and in 1736 reproduced with a preface at Pope's request Sackville's tragedy of " Gorboduc." In 1742 he was presented by his college to the rectory of Great Horwood, and appointed professor of modern history at Oxford. His most in- teresting production is "Anecdotes, Observa- tions, and Characters of Books and Men," col- lected from the conversation of Pope and oth- ers, and valuable with reference to the literary history of his time. It was published, with notes and a biography, by S. W. Singer (Lon- don, 1820 ; new ed., 1858). SPENCE, William, an English entomologist, born in 1783, died in London, Jan. 6, 1860. In 1805, while engaged in business at Hull, he presented a few specimens of insects to the Rev. William Kirby, with whom he afterward wrote "Introduction to Entomology, or Ele- ments of the Natural History of Insects" (4 vols., 1815-'26; 7th ed., 1 vol., 1858). It consists of 51 letters, of which 9 were written by Mr. Spence, 20 by Mr. Kirby, and 22 by them conjointly. He was for a time a member of parliament. He removed in 1826 to the continent, and visited the principal European capitals during the next eight years, returned to England and settled in London. SPENCER. I. A N. county of Kentucky, in- tersected by Salt river ; area, 280 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 5,956, of whom 1,479 were colored. The surface is hilly and the soil fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 105,211 bushels of wheat, 16,470 of rye, 436,875 of Indian corn, 35,885 of oats, 1,852 tons of hay, 5,500 Ibs. of tobacco, 15,385 of wool, 119,748 of butter, and 8,488 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 3,018 horses, 538 mules and asses, 1,935 milch cows, 3,252 other cattle, 4,530 sheep, and 17,724 swine ; 6 flour mills, and 4 distilleries. Capi- tal, Taylorsville. II. A S. W. county of Indi- ana, bordering on the Ohio river, bounded E. by Anderson's creek and "W. by Little Pigeon creek; area, 390 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 17,998. The surface is hilly in the W. part and level in the S., and the soil is fertile. Bituminous coal is abundant. The chief productions in 1870 were 123,663 bushels of wheat, 682,374 of Inr dian corn, 98,510 of oats, 79,597 of potatoes, 7,878 tons of hay, 3,019,970 Ibs. of tobacco, 21,416 of wool, and 49,006 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 4,892 horses, 683 mules and asses, 3,711 milch cows, 5,720 other cattle, 14,054 sheep, and 23,506 swine; 5 manufac- tories of carriages and wagons, 5 of furniture, 2 of tobacco and snuff, 10 flour mills, 6 saw mills, and 3 planing mills. Capital, Rockport. SPENCER. I. Ambrose, an American jurist, born at Salisbury, Conn., Dec. 13, 1765, died at Ly- ons, N. Y., March 13, 1848. He graduated at Harvard college in 1783, studied law, and com- menced practice in Hudson, $". Y. In 1793 he represented Columbia co. in the state legisla- ture; in 1795 and for seven consecutive years he was a state senator; in 1802 he was ap- pointed attorney general, in 1804 made a jus- tice of the supreme court, and in 1819 chief justice. He was a member of the constitu- tional convention of 1821, and was the author of the law abolishing the punishment of death in all cases except treason and murder. He resigned the office of chief justice in 1823, and
