374 STEPHENS dent Lincoln and Mr. Seward, which had no practical result. After Lee's surrender Ste- phens returned to his home in Crawfordville, where on May 11, 1865, he was arrested and sent to Fort Warren in Boston harbor ; but on Oct. 11 he was released on parole. On Feb. 22, 1866, he delivered a speech before the legisla- ture of Georgia favoring the restoration policy of President Johnson. In the same month he was elected to the United States senate, but as the state had not complied with the conditions of reconstruction, he was not permitted to take his seat. In 1872 he was elected to con- gress, and again in 1874, almost without oppo- sition. He has published "A Constitutional View of the Late War between the States, its Causes, Character, Conduct, and Results" (2 vols. 8vo, Philadelphia, 1868-' 70), and several speeches. See "Alexander H. Stephens, in Public and Private," with his letters and speeches before, during, and since the war, by Henry Cleveland (8vo, Philadelphia, 1867). STEPHENS, Ann Sophia (WINTERBOTHAM), an American authoress, born in Derby, Conn., in 1813. In 1832 she married Edward Stephens, a printer of Plymouth,. Mass., in 1835-'7 edited the "Portland Magazine" and in 1836 the " Portland Sketch Book," and in 1837 removed to New York. She has since edited and con- tributed to various periodicals, and published many novels, one of the best known of which is "Fashion and Famine" (1854), which ap- peared in three French versions. A uniform edition of her works was published in Phila- delphia in 1869 (14 vols. 12mo). Among her later novels are "Wives and Widows" (1869); "Married in Haste" (1870); "A Noble Wo- man "(1871); "The Reigning Belle" (1872); "Bellehood and Bondage" (1873); "Lord Hope's Choice," and its sequel, "The Old Countess" (1873); and "Phemie Frost's Ex- periences " (1874). STEPHENS, John Lloyd, an American author, born in Shrewsbury, N. J., Nov. 28, 1805, died in New York, Oct. 10, 1852. He graduated at Columbia college in 1822, studied law, and practised in New York. After spending two years in travel, he published "Incidents of Travel in Egypt, Arabia Petrsea, and the Holy Land " (2 vols. 12mo, 1837), and " Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia, and Po- land " (2 vols. 12mo, 1838). He was appointed minister to Central America in 1839, explored the ancient remains of that country, and pub- lished " Incidents of Travel in Central Ameri- ca, Chiapas, and Yucatan " (2 vols. 8vo, New York, 1841). In 1842 he again visited Yuca- tan, and published "Incidents of Travel in Yucatan" (2 vols. 8vo, 1843). These works were illustrated by his fellow traveller Fred- erick Catherwood of London, and are valua- ble contributions to American antiquities. Mr. Stephens was active in establishing the first American line of transatlantic steamships. As vice president of the Panama railroad company he negotiated in 1849 the contract with the STEPHENSON government of New Granada, was chosen pres- ident of the company, and superintended the construction of the road till his death. STEPHENSON, a N. W. county of Illinois, bordering on Wisconsin, intersected by the Pecatonica river and several railroads; area, 550 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 30,608. The surface is undulating and the soil fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 529,513 bushels of wheat, 135,362 of rye, 1,615,679 of Indian corn, 960,620 of oats, 165,266 of barley, 261,- 110 of potatoes, 36,507 tons of hay, 87,803 Ibs. of tobacco, 69,251 of wool, 757,458 of butter, 30,976 of cheese, and 10,855 gallons of sor- ghum molasses. There were 11,441 horses, 10,723 milch cows, 15,186 other cattle, 18,348 sheep, and 34,437 swine ; 14 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 1 of agricultural imple- ments, 3 of furniture, 3 of iron castings, 8 of saddlery and harness, 3 of woollen goods, 3 breweries, and 1 tannery. Capital, Freeport. STEPHENSON. I. George, an English railway engineer, born at Wylam, Northumberland, June 9, 1781, died at Tap ton park, near Ches- terfield, Derbyshire, Aug. 12, 1848. For sev- eral years he was employed at various collier- ies as fireman, and afterward as plugman, and gradually acquired so complete a knowledge of the engine as to be able to take it apart and make any ordinary repairs. At 18 he could not read ; but within two years, by attending night schools, he was able to read, write, and cipher with tolerable facility. In 1805 he re- moved to Killingworth colliery, and about this time was desirous of emigrating to the Uni- ted States, but was unable to raise money for his passage and outfit. He continued to work in different collieries, and in his leisure hours studied mechanics and engineering, mended clocks and shoes, cut out clothes for the miners, and turned his hand to other useful occupa- tions. His skill in repairing engines and his improvements upon old machinery led in 1812 to his appointment as enginewright at Kil- lingworth, at a salary of 100 a year. Besides erecting a winding engine for drawing up coal, and a pumping engine, he projected and laid down a self-acting incline along the declivity of the Willington ballast quay, so arranged that full wagons descending to the vessels drew up the empty ones. But the construc- tion of an efficient and economical locomotive steam engine mainly occupied his attention, and in July, 1814, he completed one which worked successfully on the Killingworth rail- way, and proved the best yet constructed. It was the first locomotive made with smooth wheels, for he rejected the contrivances which Trevithick, Blenkinsop, and others had thought necessary to secure sufficient adhesion between the wheels and the rails. While engaged in plans for an improved engine, his attention was attracted to the increase in the draught of the furnace obtained by turning the waste steam up the chimney, at first practised solely in the desire to lessen the noise caused by the
