STUTTGART tire length, and bordered by the chief business buildings. In the principal square is a fine old Gothic church, with a high tower and many ancient sculptures and monuments of the princes of Wurtemberg. The royal (for- merly ducal) palace, begun in 1746 and finished STY 433 The Old Palace. in 1806, is a large building of freestone finely decorated and furnished in the interior; the old palace, completed in 1570, resembles a mediaeval castle, and is now occupied by offi- cials connected with the government. In the same square is a monument to Schiller by Thorwaldsen. The hospital church is a Goth- ic building, finely decorated in the interior, and contains the original model of Danneck- er's " Christ." The town hall was built in the 15th century. There is a museum of natural history; a royal library of 450,000 volumes and 3,500 manuscripts; a cabinet of medals containing more than 17,000 specimens ; a museum of the fine arts, with many valuable statues and pictures ; a bazaar, and a theatre. Stuttgart has also a gymnasium, military acad- emy, polytechnic school, a royal school of art, attended in 1874-'5 by about 100 students, and a conservatory of music, attended in January, 1875, by 576 male and female pupils, inclu- ding 79 from the United States and 53 from England. The manufactures include woollen, silk, linen, and cotton goods, jewelry, musical and philosophical instruments, leather, and tin ware. The book trade is extensive, and con- nected with it are numerous paper mills, type founderies, and lithographic establishments. The town is the central point of the Wurtem- berg railways, seven lines extending from it ; and the railway station is perhaps the finest in Germany. There is a horse "rail way between Stuttgart and Canstatt, a pleasant suburb and favorite summer resort. Besides the public garden, which is one of the finest in Germany, there are in the vicinity numerous parks and gardens, where the public are admitted ; that of Rosenstein, the king's summer palace, and the gardens of the Wilhelma palace at Can- statt, are the most beautiful. The date of the foundation of Stuttgart is not accurately known. It is mentioned as early as 1229, and was selected as a residence by Count Eberhard in 1320. In 1482 Count Ulric made it the capital of Wurtemberg. The city had little of its present beauty until the middle of the 18th century; after that time it was greatly im- proved during several successive reigns, owing its chief embellishments to Kings Frederick and William. The population and prosperity of Stuttgart have of late much increased. See Wochner's Stuttgart seit 25 Jahren (Stutt- gart, 1871). STUYVESANT, Petras, the last Dutch director general of New Netherland (New York), born in Holland in 1602, died in New York city in August, 1682. He served in the war in the West Indies, was director of the colony of Cu- racoa, lost a leg in battle, and returned to Hol- land in 1644. In 1645 the Dutch West India company appointed him director general of New Netherland. He arrived in May, 1647, conciliated the savages, who had been provoked to hostilities by his predecessor William Kieft, and restored order in every department. In 1650 he arranged at Hartford with the New England commissioners a line of partition, be- fore undefined and disputed, between the Dutch and English territories. In 1651 the Dutch built Fort Casimir on the Delaware, which was captured by Rising, the governor of New Swe- den, in 1654. Next year Stuyvesant sailed into the Delaware with seven vessels and 600 or 700 men, and took the whole settlement. For the next ten years there was nearly un- broken peace. In 1653 a convention of two deputies from each village in New Netherland demanded that "no new laws shall be enacted but with the consent of the people ; that none shall be appointed to office but with the appro- bation of the people ; that obscure and obsolete laws shall never be revived." Stuyvesant commanded the separation of this assembly on pain of punishment, telling them : " We derive our authority from God and the company, not from a few ignorant subjects." The spirit of resistance nevertheless increased. The en- croachments of the New England colonies in- duced Stuyvesant to remonstrate before a con- vention of the united colonies at Boston, but he met with little favor ; and a second embassy to Hartford had no better success. In 1664 Charles II. granted to his brother, the duke of York, the territory from the Connecticut river to the shores of the Delaware, and an English fleet under Richard Nicolls appeared in the bay of New York in August and demanded the surrender of the city. Stuyvesant was unwil- ling to capitulate, but the municipality, seeing the futility of resistance, insisted on yielding ; and at last he consented, and the city was given up on Sept. 3, 1664. Stuyvesant went in 1665 to report to his superiors in Holland, but re- turning, spent the remainder of his life on his farm or bouwerij (whence the name of the street called the Bowery), then outside the limits of the city. He lies buried in the vaults of St. Mark's church in 10th street. STY (Lat. Jiordeolum, from hordeum, barley), a small inflammatory tumor on the edge of the
