572 TARIFA TARQUIN rious works of Semitic literature. There is no edition of any of the targums which deserves to be called critical. Most of them are inclu- ded in the large polyglot editions of the Bible, and a much improved edition of the " Targum of Onkelos " was published at Wilna in 1852. For an extended discussion of the targums, condensing almost all the learning of the sub- ject, see E. Deutsch's "Literary Remains" (New York, 1874). TARIFA, a town of Spain, in the province of Cadiz, Andalusia, on the southernmost point of the kingdom, in lat. 36 3' N., Ion. 5 35' W., 52 m. S. E. of Cadiz, and 25 m. S. E. of Cape Trafalgar; pop. about 12,000. It is sur- rounded by old walls and towers, and has a strong fortress. A Moorish castle within the walls is now used as a prison. Tarifa was named from Tarif ibn Malek, a Saracen chief who landed here from Africa in 710, a year before the great Moorish invasion of Spain. During the Moorish domination all vessels passing through the straits of Gibraltar were here compelled to pay duties ; whence the word tariff. In 1292 Sancho the Brave of Castile captured it, and Alonso Perez de Guz- man held it against the Moors in 1294. About 1340 the Moors besieged it again, but were driven away by the kings of Castile and Por- tugal. In 1811 it was garrisoned by 1,200 British troops and 600 Spaniards, who held it from Dec. 19 to Jan. 4, 1812, against 13,000 French troops. The French captured the place in 1823. TARLETON, Bannastre, an English soldier, born in Liverpool, Aug. 21, 1754, died Jan. 23, 1833. He was a lieutenant colonel in Cornwallis's army, and raised in this country a troop called the British legion, which contributed largely to British successes in the south. He mas- sacred Col. Buford's regiment, stationed on Waxhaw creek, May 29, 1780, and "Tarleton's quarter " became a synonyme for cruelty. In 1781, with 1,100 men, he attacked an infe- rior American force near the Cowpens under Gen. Morgan, and was defeated. He was with Cornwallis during the rest of the war, and was present at the surrender of Yorktown. After his return to England ho was promoted to the rank of colonel, and was so popular that in 1790 he was sent to parliament free of expense from his native town. In 1817 he received the commission of major general. He was created a baronet, Nov. 6, 1818. He pub- lished a " History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America" (4to, London, 1787). I U N, a S. department of France, in Langue- doc, bordering on the departments of Avey- ron, Herault, Aude, Haute-Garonne, and Tarn- et-Garonne ; area, 2,217 sq. m. ; pop. in 1872, 352,718. The S. E. part is mountainous, and the rest of the department is traversed by hills. The principal river is the Tarn, a tributary of the Garonne, which receives the Aveyron, Tescou, and Agout ; and near Albi there is a series of falls called Saut-du-Tarn. Coal, iron, lead, copper, gypsum, and porcelain and pot- ters' clay are found. The vine is cultivated, and much brandy is made. Woollen, cotton, and silk goods, iron, leather, and paper are manufactured. It is divided into the arron- dissements of Albi, Gaillac, Castres, and La- vaur. Capital, Albi. TARN-ET-GAROME, a S. department of France, in Guienne, bordering on the departments of Lot, Aveyron, Tarn, Haute-Garonne, Gers, and Lot-et-Garonne ; area, 1,436 sq. m. ; pop. in 1872, 221,610. The whole department be- longs to the basin of the Garonne, and the surface has a gradual slope to the west. The Garonne, Tarn, and Aveyron are all navigable in this department. Iron, coal, and marble are found. About two thirds of the surface is arable, one tenth is forest, and one tenth ia devoted to the vine, the wine being excellent. The mulberry for rearing silkworms is exten- sively cultivated. Mules and poultry are reared in great numbers and are a principal source of wealth. The minerals include iron and some coal and marble. Woollen, linen, and silk goods, cutlery, iron, and beet sugar are manufactured. The department is divided into the arrondissements of Montauban, Moissac, and Castelsarrasin. Capital, Montauban. TARPEIA, a Roman maiden, the daughter of Spurius Tarpeius, who, according to the legen- dary history of the period, was governor of the citadel on the Capitoline hill when the Sabines invested Rome. Tarpeia saw and ad- mired the bracelets of the Sabines, and offered to betray the citadel to them for " what they wore on their left arms." She opened the gate at night, and as they passed in they threw upon her their shields, which were worn on the left arm, and crushed her. She was buried on that part of the hill called the Tarpeian rock. TARQUIN. I. Lncins Tarqninins Priscns ("the Elder"), fifth king of Rome, assassinated about 578 B. 0. According to the common story, his father was a Corinthian nobleman named Demaratus, of the family of the Bacchiadse, who fled on the overthrow of his order by Cypselus and settled at Tarquinii in Etruria. The son, whose original name was Lucnmo, inherited great wealth, married a noble Etrus- can woman named Tanaquil, who was skilled in augury, and at her instigation removed to Rome to seek a higher career than any within his reach in Etruria. He gained the confidence of King Ancus Marcius, became guardian to his children, and on the king's death was elected to the vacant throne, about 616. He destroyed the Sabine town of ApiolsB, and subdued a number of Latin towns. His greatest exploit was the defeat of the Sabines, who advanced to the gates of Rome, but were driven back and at length completely overthrown upon the Anio. He built the vast sewers which drained the lower part of the city, and are still per- fect ; laid out the Circus Maximus, and insti- tuted the Roman games ; assigned the shops in
