676 TEXAS These institutions, besides the ordinary col- lege course, have preparatory and inferior de- partments, which embrace the greater part of the students. Several of them admit both sex- es. A law department has been organized in Trinity university. The American dental col- lege at Austin, organized in 1873, and the Gal- veston medical college, founded in 1864, have each six professors. The Barnes institute, at Galveston, Coronal institute at San Marcos, Hays co., St. Mary's Catholic institute, at San Antonio, and the Texas military institute, at Austin, are important. Among female semina- ries are the Andrew female college, at Hunts- ville ; Baylor female college, at Independence ; Bryan female seminary, Brazos co. ; Chappell Hill female college ; Lamar female college, at Paris, Lamar co. ; Ursuline academy, at Gal- veston ; and Waco female college. The state has set apart 1,221,000 acres of land for the es- tablishment of a university, but no steps have yet been taken to found the institution. There were also in the treasury on Aug. 31, 1874, bonds to the amount of $134,472 26 belonging to the university fund. The number of libra- ries returned by the census of 1870 was 455, with an aggregate of 87,111 volumes, of which 135, with 25,018 volumes, were other than private, including 131 Sunday school libraries, with 19,318 volumes. There were 112 news- papers and periodicals, issuing 4,214,800 cop- ies annually and having a circulation of 55,- 250, viz.: 12 daily, circulation 3,500; 5 tri- weekly, 2,450 ; 5 semi-weekly, 3,700 ; 89 week- ly, 45,300 ; and 1 semi-monthly, 300. The fol- lowing are the statistics of churches, accord- ing to the census : DENOMINATIONS. Organi- zation*. Edi- fice*. Sitting Property. Baptist 275 211 61 700 $r<;. j i4i> Christian 18 17 44-, i 11 650 Congregational 1 1 BM 5000 Episcopal.. 82 81 11400 109400 Jewish ..:::.:::::.: 1 1 400 (000 Lutheran . . 23 21 7650 47't "> Methodist 855 244 69100 251 140 Presbyterian, regular " other Roman Catholic . 86 15 86 TO 14 86 22,750 MM K, i 128,500 14,100 264200 Union 1 1 800 1 000 Total... 843 647 199100
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In 1685 a colony of French emigrants led by the sieur de La Salle, designing to found a settlement in the delta of the Mississippi, sailed past it unawares, landed in Matagorda bay, and erected Fort St. Louis on the Lavaca. In 1689 Capt. De Leon, a Spanish officer, was despatched to the Lavaca to scour the country and hunt out the French. He arrived there on April 22, found the garrison scattered, and returned the next year with 110 men and some friars, and established on the site of Fort St. Louis the mission of San Francisco. In 1091 a Spanish governor of the region was appoint- ed, and soldiers were sent to enforce his au- thority; but in 1693 the hostility of the In- dians, the failure of the crops, and the death of their cattle discouraged the colonists, and the settlements were abandoned. The Span- iards had settlements at El Paso and at San Juan Bautista, both on the right bank of the Kio Grande, but none within the present bounds of Texas. In 1714 the French again attempt- ed to effect a settlement within its limits, and Crozat, to whom Louis XIV. had granted the whole of Louisiana, sent Huchereau Saint- Denis upon an expedition thither. He pen- etrated from the Sabine to the Rio Grande, and visited the Spanish mission of San Juan, where he was taken prisoner by the governor of Coahuila ; but having subsequently married the daughter of the commandant of that mis- sion, he introduced Spanish missionaries into Texas, who established a mission on the bay of San Bernardo or Matagorda, another west of the Sabine and near the coast (the famous mission of Dolores), and a third on the right bank of the San Pedro, near San Antonio, sub- sequently removed eastward, and known as the Alamo. Two other missions were estab- lished soon after, one near Nacogdoches, the other not far from San Augustine. The name of " the New Philippines " was now given to the country, and in 1715 the marquis de Agua- yo was made governor general of the colony. For 20 years the Spaniards held sole sway, and multiplied their settlements. In 1735 Saint- Denis, who had acquired great influence over the Texas Indians, aided in removing a French settlement on Red river into Texas ; the Span- iards protested, but owing to quarrels among themselves did not drive them out, and finally conceded that they had a right to the region they were occupying. In 1758 the Indians at- tacked the mission of San Saba, and killed all its inhabitants. This caused the decline of the missions in Texas, as the slaughter was never avenged; in 1765 there were not more than 750 European inhabitants, with about the same number of domiciled Indians. In 1762-'3 the feud between France and Spain was finally settled by the cession of the vast Louisiana territory by the former power to the latter. In 1803, Spain having re-ceded Louisiana to France, that power sold it to the United States ; and as there had been no well defined boundary between Louisiana and the old Spanish pos- sessions TV. of it, a controversy at once ensued between Spain and the United States on the question of boundaries, Spain claiming a region E. of the Sabine, and the United States urging that they were entitled to the country W. as far as the Rio Grande. In October, 1806, Gen. Herrera, the Spanish commander, en- tered into an agreement with Gen. Wilkinson establishing the territory between the Sabine and Arroyo Honda as a neutral ground, and retired W. of that line. At this time the pop- ulation of Texas was about 7,000, many of the settlers being adventurers engaged in illicit trade between the United States and Mexico. From 1806 a series of revolutionary efforts com-
