66 SING SING steamers, tonnage 612,929. The total value of imports was $48,415,383 ; exports $39 02 .0 - 121. During the year ending' Sept. 30, 1874, 20 United States vessels entered ; the total value of the exports to the United States for the same period was $3,750,831. The exports are tin, gambir, pepper, rattans and Malacca coffee, nutmegs, tapioca, sago, caou- t,.hou,.,guttapercha,sapan wood, buffalo hides, and gums. The city of Smgapura (" lions town*), capital of a Malayan kingdom, occu- pied the site of Singapore in the 12th century. In the 13th century it was captured by a king of Java, when the royal residence was removed to Malacca, and it gradually fell into decay ; and in 1819, when the British built a factory on the site, the whole island had only 150 inhabitants. In 1824 the sultan of Johore, m consideration of $60,000 and a life annuity of $24,000, transferred the sovereignty and fee simple of the island, and all the seas and islands within 10 geographical miles, to the British. (See STRAITS SETTLEMENTS.) M><; SING, a village in the township of Os- sining, Westchester co., New York, beautifully situated on high ground on the E. bank of the Hudson river, at its widest part, called Tappan bay, 30 m. above New York; pop. in 1875, 6,500. There are several manufactories, the principal being two of files, one of lawn mow- ers, two of carriages, one of Brandreth pills, and one of porous plasters. The village con- tains a national bank, a savings bank, a pub- lic school, a Roman Catholic school, a female seminary, a school for preparing boys for West Point, three military schools, 12 private schools, two weekly newspapers, and six churches. It is the seat of one of the state prisons. The male division was erected by convicts, the first draft of whom, from Auburn state prison, began work in May, 1825. It contains 1,200 cells, is 484 ft. long by 44 ft. wide, and six stories high, with ranges of workshops run- ning at right angles, 40 ft. wide and two and three stories high. The female division, with 120 cells, is on the E. side of the male divi- sion, and under separate management; it was begun in 1835. Both buildings are of white marble. (See NEW YORK, vol. xii., p. 367.) 8I.MGAGLIA (anc. Sena Gallica), a town of central Italy, in the province and 18 m. N. W. <f the city of Ancona, at the mouth of the Mki in the Adriatic; pop. in 1872, 22,197 It i- the seat of a bishop, and has a beautifu Iral. The ramparts are protected by a citadel. The port admits only small craft The annual fair, July 20 to Aug. 8, at wliicl large transactions are made in silk, is of great antiquity. The town was plundered by the troops of Pompey in 82 B. 0. Under the ex archs of Ravenna it was for some time one o the cities of the Pentapolis, but afterward fel i.-cny. It is the birthplace of Pius IX. sINol'i Turk. Sinub a fortified seapor town of Asia Minor, in the Turkish vilayet o Kastamuni, on the S. shore of the Black sea SIOUX <>5 m E. N. E. of Constantinople ; pop. about 000 It stands on an isthmus which con- .e'cts the mainland with a high rocky penin- ula called Cape Sinope, forming on its S. E. ide a roadstead, which is the best anchorage m that shore. The town has an arsenal and he- only ship yard in Turkey except that at Constantinople, and many Turkish war ves- sels are built tkere. There is a massive castle rected in the time of the Greek emperors, and new fortifications are nearly completed (1876). [t is a coal depot for steamers between Con- stantinople and Trebizond. Oak timber is argely exported. Sinope became important after its second colonization from Miletus, about 630 B. C., and continued independent till 183, when it was captured by Pharnaces, iing of Pontus, of which country it became
- he capital. It was much ornamented and
improved by Mithridates the Great. Having )een conquered by the Romans, it was made a colony by Ceesar. It was taken by tho Turks m 1461. In the Crimean war the Turkish leet with the exception of one steamer which escaped, was destroyed here by the Russian fleet under Nakhimoff, with a loss of about 4,000 men, Nov. 30, 1853. The town was bombarded and suffered very severely. SINTO, or Shinto. See JAPAN, vol. ix., pp. 537 and 562. MOOT, or Osloot (anc. Lycopolis), a city of Egypt, capital of a province of the same name, and residence of the governor of Upper Egypt, near the left bank of the Nile, about 250 m. above Cairo, under a hilly ridge of sand cliffs, which have been extensively excavated ; pop. about 25,000. A magnificent embank- ment studded with trees leads to the town, which has several beautiful mosques and good bazaars; but the streets are narrow and un- paved, and most of the houses are mere hov- els. There are successful schools under the care of American missionaries, and British and American consular agents. Sioot was formerly much frequented by caravans from the interior. The most important manufac- ture is that of pipe bowls. There are ruins here of a Roman amphitheatre, vast rock tombs of the 12th dynasty, and ancient ala- baster quarries in the opposite range of bills. The city was once devoted to the worship of the wolf, or of the deity to which that ani- mal was sacred, from which its ancient Greek name is derived. SIOUX, or Dakotas, a tribe of American In- dians, dwelling near the bead waters of the Mississippi when first known by the whites. In 1640 the Algonquins informed the French of them as the Nadovressioux, whence they came to be called Sioux. In 1660, or soon after, the Chippewas and Hurons began a war with them, which continued into this century. In 1680 Duluth set up the French standard in their country at Izatys near the St. Peters. In the next year he rescued Hennepin from them. Nicolas Perrot, having entered their
