748 TIEDEMANN drama, and the "Antigone" of Sophocles was performed under his auspices. His works in- clude Minnelieder aus dem schwabischen Zeital- ter (1803) ; Ulrichs von Lichtenstein .Frauen- dienst (1815) ; the celebrated novels Dichterle- ben, Der Tod des Dichters, and the unfinished Aufruhr in den Cevennen (1826) ; Shakspeare's Vorschule, a translation of plays which he re- garded as early works of Shakespeare, and Dramaturgische Blatter (2 vols., 1826). He also supervised his daughter Dorothea's and aunt Baudessin's continuation of Schlegel's translation of Shakespeare, and edited various poems. The latest edition of his poems is in 3 vols. (1841), and of his novels in 12 vols. (1853). Nearly complete editions of his works include 20 vols. (1828-'42). Carlyle translated several of his tales in vol. i. of his " Specimens of German Romance ;" a second edition of those tales, in another English version, appeared at London in 1860. Tieck's biographer Kopke edited his posthumous writings (2 vols., Leipsic, 1855). See Friesen's Ludwig Tieck (2 vols., Vienna, 1871). II. Christian Friedrieh, a German sculptor, brother of the preceding, born in Ber- lin, Aug. 14, 1776, died there, May 14, 1851. He studied under Schadow and in Paris under David, and was employed at Weimar from 1801 to 1805, and subsequently in Italy till 1819, when he became a member of the academy at Berlin, cooperating with Schenkel and Rauch in improving the art of sculpture. His works include many busts in the Walhalla, executed at Carrara by order of the crown prince and future king Louis of Bavaria ; those of Goethe and other poets at Weimar; the statue of Necker for Mme. de Stael ; decorations of the royal theatre at Berlin and other public build- ings ; and the statue of his brother at Dresden. TIEDEMAM. I. Dietrich, a German philoso- pher, born at Bremervorde, Hanover, April 3, 1748, died in Marburg, Sept. 24, 1803. He studied at Gottingen, and taught ancient lan- guages at Oassel from 1776 to 1786, when he became professor of philosophy at Marburg. He combined the principles of Locke and Leib- nitz. His Untersuchungen uber den Menschen (3 vols., Leipsic, 1777-'98), Thedtet (Frank- fort, 1794), Idealistische Briefe (Marburg, 1798), and Handbuch der Psychologic (edited by Wachler, Leipsic, 1804), are interesting on account of their investigations in psychology and on the subject of cognition. But his fame rests on his history of philosophy from Thales to Wolf in his Geist der speculativen Philosophie (6 vols., Marburg, 1791-7). II. Friedrieh, a German physiologist, son of the preceding, born in Cassel, Aug. 23, 1781, died in Munich, Jan. 22, 1861. He graduated in medicine at Marburg in 1804, and was professor of anatomy and zoology at Landshut from 1806 to 1816, and afterward at Heidelberg till 1 849. His nu- merous works include Zoologie (3 vols., Lands- hut, 1808-'10) ; Anatomie des Fischherzens (1809) ; Anatomie und Bildungsgeschichte des Gehirw (Nuremberg, 1816) ; and Die Physio- TIEERA DEL FUEGO logie des Menschen (Darmstadt, vols. i. and iii., 1830-'36). HEDGE, Christoph August, a German poet, born at Gardelegen, Prussia, Dec. 14, 1752, died in Dresden, March 8, 1841. He studied at Halle, and led a precarious life as a clerk in the civil service and as a private tutor and secretary till 1805, when he accompanied the countess Elisa von der Recke in her travels. Subsequently he resided with her at Dresden and Berlin ; and at her death in 1833 she di- rected her establishment to be kept up for him without change. His most celebrated poem is Urania, on the immortality of the soul (Halle, 1801 ; 18th ed., Leipsic, 1862). He also pub- lished Elegien und vermischte Gedichte (Halle, 1803 ; 2d ed., 2 vols., 1814). His complete works are in 10 vols. (Leipsic, 1841). Falken- stein published Tiedge's Leben und poetischer Nachlass (4 vols., Leipsic, 1841), and Eberhard Blicke in Tiedge's und in Eliza's Leben (Ber- lin, 1844). The Tiedge charitable literary in- stitute at Dresden, originally founded for local purposes, has since 1860 extended its opera- tions all over Germany. TIEOTSIN, Teentsin, or Tiensing, a town of Chi- na, in the province of Chihli, on level ground at the junction of the Pei-ho with the grand "canal, about 65 m. S. E. of Peking; pop. dif- ferently estimated from 400,000 to 930,000. It is surrounded by a wall about 4 m. in cir- cuit, and entered by four gates. The princi- pal streets lead from these gates to the centre of the town, and are broad and well paved. The houses are of unburned brick or mud, and have a mean appearance, though some of them are commodious and well furnished. The river is crossed by a bridge of boats, and large suburbs extend for a considerable dis- tance along both banks. Tientsin derives its importance from being the terminus of the grand canal and the port of Peking, and is said to have been formerly a place of great wealth and extensive trade ; but since the banks of the canal were broken by the in- undation of the Hoang-ho the trade has de- clined greatly. Treaties were concluded here in 1858 between the Chinese government and the plenipotentiaries of England, France, Rus- sia, and the United States, by which it became one of the 13 ports open to foreign commerce. In 1873 the imports amounted to $27,602,314; exports, $12,240,602. TIERRA DEL FUEGO (Sp., "Land of Fire"), a group of islands off the S. extremity of South America, between lat. 52 40' and 56 S., and Ion. 63 40' and 75 W. It is separated from the mainland by the straits of Magellan, and has the Pacific ocean on the west and the At- lantic on the east, while the E. and W. limits of these seas are supposed to meet at Cape Horn, its S. extremity. The group comprises numerous small islands, of which Cape Horn is the most remarkable ; the large island Tier- ra del Fuego proper, of very irregular shape and nearly 300 m. long E. and W. ; the isl-
