786 YOLO YONKERS 39' E. ; pop. about 60,000, including 1,500 of the 2,500 Americans and Europeans resident in Japan, and 1,200 Chinese. It is the capital of the Kanagawa ken or prefecture. The city lies mostly on flat land backed by a line of bluffs built upon with many tasteful residences. The streets both in the foreign and native quarters are well paved, drained, lighted with gas, and lined with richly stocked shops, hongs, tea-firing godowns, and silk warehouses. Yo- kohama is the chief port of foreign commerce in Japan, six lines of steamers (Japanese, American, and European) making it their ter- minus or port of call. It is the great mart for the silk, tea, grain, and native produce and manufactures. It contains three foreign and four native Christian churches, four foreign and two native daily newspapers, five banks, four hospitals, large hotels, public gardens, and gas works, and is supplied with water brought in aqueducts. A railway 18 m. long connects it with Tokio. Telegraph lines to Yezo, Tokio, Kioto, Nagasaki, and thence to Shanghai, China, and Vladivostok in Siberia, unite it to Europe and America. The climate is very sa- lubrious, and the surrounding scenery beauti- ful, Mt. Fuji and the bay, here 12 m. wide, with its indentations and evergreen bluffs, be- ing striking features. The harbor is deep and capacious. The imports in 1874 amounted to $16,716,298, out of a total for the whole coun- try of $24,223,629 ; exports, $12,578,573, out of a total of $20,001,637. Among the exports was tea to the United States to the amount of 17,016,316 Ibs., valued at $5,107,800. Until 1854, when Perry signed the American treaty with the shogun's envoys at this place, Yoko- hama was a small fishing village. By the first treaty of commerce, concluded by the Ameri- can envoy Townsend Harris, July 29, 1858, it was opened to foreign trade and residence, and its growth has been rapid. The historic and natural interest of the vicinity make it the re- sort of thousands of tourists. Kanazawa, once a noted seat of learning, is 8 m. 8. W. ; and 2 m. further is Kamakura, the military capital of Japan from 1184 to 1574. The colossal copper image of Dai Butsu (Great Buddha), 50 ft. high, a work of high art, and the fine temple on Tsuruga Oka, are the chief relics of its mediaeval glory. Its vicinity was a battle ground for centuries, it being the stronghold of the Minamoto, Hojo, and Ashikaga lines of shoguns in succession. YOLO, a W. county of California, bordering N. W. on the Coast mountains, and E. on the Sacramento river, and watered by several small tributaries of that stream ; area, 1,150 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 9,899, of whom 395 were Chi- nese. The E. half is level ; W. of this is a belt of slightly undulating prairie, gradually rising into the lower slopes of the Coast range. The level portion has mostly a rich alluvial soil. Agriculture is the principal industry. It is traversed by the California Pacific railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 2,025,612 bushels of wheat, 499,926 of barley, 15,520 of potatoes, 10,250 gallons of wine, 437,048 Ibs. of wool, 186,929 of butter, and 27,186 tons of hay. There were 8,739 horses, 1,206 mules and asses, 12,189 cattle, 83,087 sheep, and 26,- 855 swine. Capital, Woodland. YONGE, Charles Duke, an English author, born in November, 1812. He is the son of the Kev. Charles Yonge, lower master of Eton college, and graduated at Oxford in 1835. He is now (1876) professor of history and English litera- ture in Queen's college, Belfast. He has pub- lished several philological works, including an English-Greek lexicon (1849 ; 5th ed., 1865 ; American ed. edited by Prof. Henry Drisler, New York, 1870), a "Phraseological English- Latin and Latin-English Dictionary " (2 vols., 1855-'6), and a "Dictionary of Latin Epi- thets" (1856); "The History of England" (1856) ; "Parallel Lives of Ancient and Mod- ern Heroes" (1858; republished under the title "Great and Brave in History," 1865); "Life of the Duke of Wellington" (2 vols., 1860) ; " History of the British Navy " (2 vols., 1863) ; " France under the Bourbons" (4 vols., 1866-'7); "Life and Administration of the Second Earl of Liverpool" (3 vols., 1868); " Three Centuries of Modern History " (1872) ; " History of the English Revolution of 1688 " (1874); and "Life of Marie Antoinette" (2 vols., 1876). He has also edited or translated several classical works. YONGE, Charlotte Diary, an English authoress, born at Otterbourne, Hampshire, in 1823. Her father was an army officer. She published "Abbey Church, or Self-Control and Self- Conceit," in 1844, which was followed by sev- eral novels in the interest of high church doc- trines, and by some volumes of history for the young, entitled "Kings of England" (1848; 7th ed., 1862) and "Landmarks of History" (3 vols., 1 852-'7). In 1 853 she produced "The Heir of Redclyffe," a novel, which had a very wide popularity, and reached a 17th edition in 1868. She gave 2,000, the profits of " Daisy Chain" (2 vols., 1856), to the erection of a missionary college at Auckland, New Zealand. She has published more than 80 novels and tales, 10 works of history and biography, and several miscellaneous works. Among the more recent are " History of Christian Names" (2 vols., 1863); "The Story of English Mis- sionary Workers " (1871) ; " Life of Bishop Patterson, of the Melanesian Islands " (2 vols., 1873); "Stories of English History" (1874); and " My Young Alcides" (1876). YONGH, Vanayl de. See SAINT-ELME. YONKERS, a city of Westchester co., New York, on the E. bank of the Hudson river, joining New York city on the south, 16 m. N. of the city hall; pop. in 1875, 17,269. The built up portion is picturesquely situated on rising ground adjacent to the river, opposite the Palisades, is well shaded, and has numer- ous fine residences with handsome grounds. The old Philipse manor house, built partly in
