LINGUISTIC STOCKS OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
After J. W. Powell
In this compilation we have thought best to be conservative. As noted in the text, claims have been put forward for the consolidation of several stocks, but since these are still under discussion, and some of the leading American linguists are not convinced, we think best to follow the old classification. The chief changes proposed are the consolidation of the Piman, Shoshonean, and Nahuatlan stocks; the transfer of Wishoskan (Wiyot) and Weitspekan (Yurok) to the Algonquian; the combination of Wintun (Copehan), Maidu (Pujunan), Yokuts (Mariposan), Moquelumnan (Miwok), and Costanoan under the name Penutian; and the grouping of Shasta, Chimariko, Quoratean (Karok), Pomo (Kulanapan), Esselenian, and Yuman under the name Hokan.
The last United States census compiled a statistical list of the Indians according to their stocks, from which, and the current reports of the Canadian government, we have taken the population numerals added to each stock designation in this list. The total population, as reported, is 383,151. The number of extinct stocks is six, leaving fifty stocks still spoken in the United States and Canada, though of these twelve are on the verge of extinction.
1. Algonquian, or Algonkin (90,975):
A. Blackfoot. 1. Piegan. 2. Blood. 3. North Blackfoot.
B. Cheyenne. 1. Northern and Southern Cheyenne. 2. Probably the Sutaio (extinct).
C. Arapaho. 1. Northern and Southern Arapaho. 2. Gros Ventre (Atsina).
D. Eastern-Central Division:
